Stroke Flashcards
What are the two types of stoke and why are they caused?
- Haemorrhagic - due to blood vessel rupture
- Ischaemic - due to blood vessel blockage
____________ is the most common cause for haemorrhagic stoke
Hypertension
Ischaemic stoke can have three main causes, what are they?
- Thrombotic - blockage arises from within the brain
- Embolic - blockage arises from elsewhere
- Hypoperfusion
Thrombosis for due to Virchow’s triad - what is this?
It is composed of three factors which lead to thrombosis
- Circulatory stasis
- Hypercogulable state
- Endothelial injury
Atherosclerotic stoke can have two outcomes causing the stoke, what are they?
- Vessel stenosis
- Thrombosis
Ischaemia occurs eirther way
What are the two different types of risk factors and give examples for each
- Non modifiable
- Age
- FH
- Gender
- Race
- Previous stroke
- Modifiable
- Hypertension
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Alcohol excess
- Diabetes
What is the only way to differentiate between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke?
Brain imaging
Where does an atheroembolism cause infarction?
The same side as the affected carotid artery
Where does cardioembolism cause infarction?
More than one arterial territory (bilateral)
Thrombolysis is a treatment for ________ stroke
Thrombolysis
Which medications can be given to a patient with ischaemic stroke?
- Aspirin (75mg) + dipyridamole 200mg twice daily/clopidogrel (75mg) twice daily
- Statins
- Antihypertensives
- Anticoagulants
Which surgical interventions may be utilised to treat a stroke?
- Haematoma evacuation
- Relief of raised intracranial pressure
- Carotid endarterectomy
