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The Cardiovascular System > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

For the treatment of hypertension in a black patient or any patient over 55 years, what is the first line treatment for hypertension?

A

Calcium channel blocker

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2
Q

In a patient is under 55 years old and not black, what is the first line treatment for hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitor

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3
Q

If a patient is being treated for hypertension using an ACE inhibitor, yet they suffer from a dry cough, which other treatment can they be moved to?

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker

(ARBs)

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4
Q

What is stage 2 treatment for any patient with hypertension?

A

Calcium channel blocker + ACE inhibitor (or ARB)

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5
Q

What is stage 3 treatment for any patient being treated for hypertension?

A

Calcium channel blocker + ACE inhibitior (or ARB) + Thiazide-like diuretic

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6
Q

What is stage 4 treatment, for what is now resistant hypertension?

A

Calcium channel blocker + ACE inhibitor (or ARB) + Thiazide-like diuretic + further diuretic or alpha blocker or beta blocker

Consider obtaining expert advice here

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7
Q

How do diuretics work?

A

They block sodium reabsorption in the kidney allowing blood pressure to be reduced as the osmotic effect is now less “into” the blood and blood volume is reduced

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8
Q

Thiazide diuretics are used in which condition?

A

Hypertension

These diuretics are the milder diuretics

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9
Q

Give an example of a thiazide diruretic used in hypertension

A

Bendrofluazide

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10
Q

What is the name given to the stronger variant of diuretics?

A

Loop diuretics

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11
Q

What are loop diuretics used to treat?

A

Heart failure

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12
Q

Give an example of a loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

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13
Q

What are cardio selective beta blockers?

A

Beta blockers that only block B1 adrenoceptors

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14
Q

Give an example of a selective (B1) beta blocker

A

Atenolol

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15
Q

Beta blockers should never be used to treat heart conditions when the patient has what other condition?

A

Asthma

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16
Q

Beta blockers are used to treat which 3 heart conditions?

A
  1. Angina
  2. Hypertension - not first line
  3. Heart failure
17
Q

What are the two main types of calcium channel antagonists?

A
  1. Dihydropyridines
  2. Rate limiting calcium antagonists
18
Q

Give an example of a dihydropyridine

A

Amlodipine

19
Q

Give examples of rate limiting calcium antagonists

A
  • Verapamil
  • Diltiazem
20
Q

Rate limiting calcium antagonists should not be used with which other drug class and why?

A

Beta blockers

Together they have a strong in fluence on the AV node and can cause heart block

21
Q

What are dihydropyridines used to treat?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Angina
22
Q

Rate imiting calcium antagonists are used to treat which conditions?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Angina
  • Supraventricular arrythmias
23
Q

How do alpha blockers work?

A

They can block alpha adrenoceptors allowing for vasodilation

24
Q

Alpha blockers are used to treat which conditions?

A
  • Hypertension - not first line and considered late on
  • Prostatic hypertrophy
25
Q

Give an example of an alpha adrenoceptor blocker

A

Doxazosin

26
Q

How do angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors work?

A

They block the enzyme (ACE) that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

27
Q

Give an example of an ACE inhibitor

A

Lisinopril

28
Q

ACE inhibitors are used to treat which conditions?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Heart failure
  • Diabetic neuropathy
29
Q

Under which circumstances is ACE inhibitor use contraindicated?

A
  • Patients with renal failure
  • Pregnancy - can cause abnormalities in foetus
30
Q

How do angiotension receptor blockers work?

A

They block angiotensin II receptor sites

31
Q

Give an example of an ARB

A

Losartan

32
Q

What are ARBs used to treat?

A
  • Heart failure
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetic nephropathy
33
Q

ARBs are contraindicated for which patients?

A
  • Renal conditions - renal artery stenosis
  • Prenant women - can cause damage to developing foetus
34
Q

Give an example of a nitrate

A
  • GTN - glyceryl trinitrate
  • Isosorbide mononitrate
  • Isosorbide dinitrate
    *
35
Q

Nitrates are used to treat which conditions?

A
  • Angina
  • Acute heart failure
36
Q

What is a common side effect of nitrates which, to avoid, affects the time they need to be taken in the day?

A

Tolerance

They are taken in the morning or mid-afternoon so the drug is depleted from the body system at night

37
Q

Give examples of antiplatelet agents

A
  • Aspirin
  • Clopidogrel
  • Ticagrelor
  • Prasugrel
38
Q

Antiplatelet agents are used in which conditions?

A
  • Angina
  • Acute MI
  • TIA

The Cardiovascular System (24 decks)

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