Cardiac Arrest Flashcards

1
Q

What is cardiac arrest?

A

Cessation of the heart

There is complete lack of circulation and oxygen delivery

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2
Q

What is the chain of survival?

A
  • Early recognition
  • Early CPR
  • Early defibrillation
  • Post resuscitative care
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3
Q

Which drug is given in the instance of bradycardia and potential failure of oxygen delivery?

A

Atropine

(or bets-stimulant such as ephedrine)

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4
Q

In the instance of a potential cardiac arrest, what can be done to increase blood pressure?

A
  • IV fluids
  • Raise legs
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5
Q

What are two methods to determine SaO2?

A
  1. ABG
  2. Pulse oximetry
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6
Q

If a patient has difficulty breathing because their airway is not open what should be done?

A

Head tilt chin lift

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7
Q

How can breathing problems be investigated?

A

Look, listen, feel

  • Look - respiratory distress, accessory muscles, cyanosis, high RR, chest deformity, level of conciousness
  • Listen - noisy breathing and breath sounds
  • Feel - chest expansion, percussion, tracheal position
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8
Q

If a patient is critically ill with a heart problem and they have low blood pressure what will their capillary refill time likely be?

A

Likely high

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9
Q

What is the ABCDE approach to cardiac arrest?

A
  • Assess airway and breathing
  • Oxygen
  • Check circulation
  • IV access - take blood, fluids
  • Inotropes
  • Morphine
  • Nitrates
  • Aspirin
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10
Q

What is disability in ABCDE and how is it recognised and treated?

A

Refers to neurological function

Regcoginised by: AVPU, Glasgow Coma Scale, and pupil dilation

Treated by ABC

The undelying cause must be treated such as low blood glucose

The lateral recovery position could be used

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11
Q

Which types of heart rhythms are shockable?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

Ventricular tachycardia (pulseless)

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12
Q

For ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachcardia what is the treatment process?

A
  • CPR for two minutes between shocks
  • After each 2 minute sequence of CPR reassess rhythm
  • After 3rd shock give adrenaline (1mg IV) and amiodarone (300mg)
  • After each alternate stroke adrenaline can be given
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13
Q

How is non-VF/VT treated?

A

This is asystole and pulseless electrical activity

Adrenaline (1mg IV) should be given as soon as possible and every 3-5 minutes after (every 2 cycles of CPR)

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14
Q

When would CPR be stopped?

A
  • DNR
  • Return of spontaneous circulation
  • When it appears useless
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15
Q
A
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