Hypertension Flashcards
What is hypertension?
A level of sustained arterial pressure that is higher than expected for the age, sex and ethnicity of the individual
Bloof pressure higher than ___/__mmHg is classified as hypertension and is treated
140/90
Hypertension is a risk factor for what?
- Cerebral haemorrhage
- Aneurysm
- Atheroma
- Renal failure
- Sudden cardiac death
What are the two classifications of hypertension?
- Primary
- Secondary
What is primary hypertension?
Hypertension with an unknown cause (idiopathic)
What is secondary hypertension?
Hypertension as a result of another condition
How is MABP calculated?
MABP = CO x TPR
or
MABP = (2 x systolic + diastolic)/3
What three main factors can alter blood pressure?
- HR
- Contractility
- Blood volume
Total peripheral resistance is increased by which factors?
Vasoconstrictors
(angiotensin II, catechloamines)
Total peripheral resistance is decreased by which type of factor?
Vasodilators
(nitric oxide, prostaglandins)
What may be the cause of primary hypertension?
- Genetics
- Salt intake
- Protein intake
Causes of secondary hypertension may include?
- Renal disease
- Endocrine disease
- Aortic disease
- Renal artery stenosis
- Drug therapy
Why can renal functioning be a cause of hypertension?
If disease is present such as renal artery stenosis, interstitial nephritis or glomerulitis.
This will lead to reduced renal blood flow
Excess renin release
Salt and water overload in the blood (increased retention)
What is benign hypertension?
Hypertension with no harmful symptoms
What may benign hypertension eventually cause, even if it has no direct effects?
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- Congestive heart failure
- Renal disease
- Aneurysm rupture