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NPTE > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

Ischemic vs Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Ischemic: blood flow obstructed d/t clot.
Hemorrhagic: blood vessel ruptures & blood leaks into brain.

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2
Q

ACA symptoms

A

-Hemiparesis (contra LE)
-Sensory loss (contra LE)
-Urinary incontinence
-Apraxia
-Difficulty w/ imitation
-Difficulty w/ bimanual tasks
-Motor slowness or delay
-Grasp reflex (contra)
-Sucking reflex (contra)

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3
Q

MCA symptoms

A

-Hemiparesis (contra UE, face)
-Sensory loss (contra UE, face)
-Language & speech impairments
-Perception disorders, unilateral neglect
-Homonymous hemianopsia (contra)

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4
Q

Aphasia typically occurs with lesions on which side of the brain?

A

Left

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5
Q

Broca Aphasia: lesion location, definition, & treatment considerations

A

AKA Expressive or Non-fluent aphasia.
-Frontal lobe lesions.
-Slow, hesitant, broken speech.
-Use yes/no questions.

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6
Q

Wernicke Aphasia: lesion location, definition, & treatment considerations

A

AKA Repetitive or Fluent aphasia.
-Temporal lobe lesions.
-No comprehension.
-Word salad.
-Use gestures & demonstrations.

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7
Q

Unilateral Neglect: lesion location, definition, & treatment considerations

A

-Right MCA
-Lack of awareness of weak side.
-Encourage use of hemiparetic extremities, use environment to encourage awareness.

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8
Q

Homonymous Hemianopsia: lesion location & definition

A

-Vision loss of same half of both eyes.
-R MCA = L HH = left side of both eyes lose vision.
-L MCA = R HH = right side of both eyes lose vision.

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9
Q

PCA symptoms (peripheral)

A

-Homonymous Hemianopsia (contra)
-Prosopagnosia (inability to recognize familiar faces)
-Dyslexia (WITHOUT agraphia)
-Color discrimination
-Memory deficits
-Topographical disorientation

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10
Q

PCA symptoms (central)

A

-Central branch of PCA affects Thalamus.
-Post-Stroke Thalamic Pain Syndrome: everything is painful, even clothing.
-Cannot be treated but usually resolves on its own.

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11
Q

Right vs. Left hemisphere lesions: behavioral impairments

A

Right: quick, impulsive.
Left: slow, cautious.

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12
Q

Right vs. Left hemisphere lesions: intellectual impairments

A

Right: rigidity of thought.
Left: highly distractable.

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13
Q

Right vs. Left hemisphere lesions: emotional impairments

A

Right: difficulty with negative emotions.
Left: difficulty with positive emotions.

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14
Q

Difference between spasticity & synergy

A

Spasticity: increased tone, velocity-dependent. Assessed with PROM (fast movements).
Synergy: combined motions. Assessed with AROM.

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15
Q

Brunnstrom Stage 1

A

Flaccid.
No active limb movement.

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16
Q

Brunnstrom Stage 2

A

Beginning of minimal voluntary movement.
In synergy.
Increased tone.

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17
Q

Brunnstrom Stage 3

A

Voluntary control of movement.
In synergy.
Peak spasticity.

18
Q

Brunnstrom Stage 4

A

Movement out of synergy.
Spasticity starting to decrease.

19
Q

Brunnstrom Stage 5

A

Increased complex movements.
Greater independence from synergies.

20
Q

Brunnstrom Stage 6

A

Coordinated movement.
Individual joint movements.

21
Q

Brunnstrom Stage7

A

Normal function, fully recovered.

22
Q

Spasticity pattern: scapula

A

Retraction
Down rotation

23
Q

Spasticity pattern: shoulder

A

Adduction
IR
Depression

24
Q

Spasticity pattern: elbow

A

Flexion

25
Q

Spasticity pattern: forearm

A

Pronation

26
Q

Spasticity pattern: wrist

A

Flexion
Adduction

27
Q

Spasticity pattern: hand

A

Finger flexion
Thumb adducted in palm
Clenched fist

28
Q

Spasticity pattern: pelvis

A

Retraction (hip hiking)

29
Q

Spasticity pattern: hip

A

Adduction
IR
Extension

30
Q

Spasticity pattern: knee

A

Extension

31
Q

Spasticity pattern: foot & ankle

A

PF
Inversion
Equinovarus
Toes claw (TMT ext + MTP flex) or toes curl (TMT flex + MTP flex)

32
Q

Positioning strategies with spasticity: supine

A

-Scap protracted.
-Shoulder slightly abducted.
-Elbow extended.
-Arm supported with pillow.
-Wrist neutral.
-Fingers extended.
-Thumb abducted.
-Hip protracted.
-Pillow under knee.
-Splint to maintain neutral foot & ankle if needed.

33
Q

Positioning strategies with spasticity: side-lying on less affected side

A

-Pillow under ribcage to elongate.
-Scap protracted.
-Shoulder slightly abducted.
-Elbow extended.
-Arm supported with pillow.
-Wrist neutral.
-Fingers extended.
-Thumb abducted.
-Hip flexed.
-Knee flexed.

34
Q

Positioning strategies with spasticity: side-lying on more affected side

A

-Scap protracted.
-Shoulder slightly abducted & ER.
-Elbow extended.
-Arm supported with pillow.
-Forearm supinated.
-Wrist neutral.
-Fingers extended.
-Thumb abducted.
-Hip extended.
-Knee flexed.

35
Q

Positioning strategies with spasticity: sitting

A

-Spine extended.
-Scap protracted.
-Arm supported on arm trough or lapboard.
-Wrist neutral.
-Fingers extended.
-Thumb abducted.
-Hips flexed to 90.

36
Q

Flexion Synergy Pattern for UE

A

-Scapula retraction & elevation.
-Shoulder abduction & ER.
-Elbow flexion.
-Wrist & finger flexion.

37
Q

Flexion Synergy Pattern for LE

A

-Hip flexion, abduction, & ER.
-Knee flexion.
-Ankle DF & inversion.
-Toe DF.

38
Q

Extension Synergy Pattern for UE

A

-Scapula protraction.
-Shoulder adduction & IR.
-Elbow extension.
-Wrist & finger flexion.

39
Q

Extension Synergy Pattern for LE

A

-Hip extension, adduction, & IR.
-Knee extension.
-Ankle PF & inversion.
-Toe PF.

40
Q

Which muscles are typically NOT involved in synergy patterns?

A

Lats
Teres major
Serratus anterior
Finger extensors
Ankle evertors

NPTE (28 decks)

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