Gait Flashcards
Gait Cycle definition
Between the same event repeated on the same leg.
Example: from L heel strike to next L heel strike.
Stride definition
1 gait cycle.
Example: from L heel strike to next L heel strike.
Step definition
Between the same event repeated on the opposite leg.
Example: from L heel strike to R heel strike.
Stance Phase vs Swing Phase percentages
Stance = 60%
Swing = 40%
Stages of Stance Phase
- Initial Contact
- Loading Response
- Mid-Stance
- Terminal Stance
- Pre-Swing
Stages of Swing Phase
- Initial Swing
- Mid-Swing
- Terminal Swing
Muscle activation during Initial Contact
Eccentric:
-DF
-Quads
-Hip ABD
Concentric:
-Hip add
Muscle activation during Loading Response
Eccentric:
-PF
-Glut Max
-Hip ABD
Muscle activation during Mid-Stance
Eccentric:
-PF
-Glut Max
-Hip ABD
Muscle activation during Terminal Stance
Eccentric:
-Hip ABD
Concentric:
-PF
-Hip add
Muscle activation during Pre-Swing
Eccentric:
-Quads
-Hip ABD
Concentric:
-DF
-HS
Muscle activation during Initial Swing
Concentric:
-DF
-HS
Muscle activation during Mid-Swing
Concentric:
-DF
-HS
Muscle activation during Terminal Swing
Concentric:
-DF
-HS
What are the 3 rockers & when do they occur?
- Heel Rocker (IC)
- Ankle Rocker (Mid-Stance)
- Forefoot Rocker (Terminal Stance)
Pretibial Muscles: list the important ones, when they’re active, & what nerve?
-TA, EDL, & EHL.
-Eccentric at IC.
-Concentric during swing.
-Peroneal N.
PF Muscles: list the important ones, when they’re active, & what nerve?
-gastroc, soleus, FDL, FHL, posterior tib.
-Eccentric at mid-stance.
-Concentric at terminal stance.
-Tibial N.
FES should be used for…
Concentric contractions
Hip ROM required for walking
Stance:
-Flex = 0-30
-Ext = 0-20
Swing:
-Flex = 20-30
Knee ROM required for walking
Stance:
-Flex = 0-40
Swing:
-Flex = 0-60
Ankle ROM required for walking
Stance:
-DF = 0-10
-PF = 0-20
Swing:
-DF = 0-20
ROM required for running
2x ROM for walking
General gait changes for contracture or tightness
-Decreased ROM on opposite side.
-Early gait phases.
General gait changes for weakness
-Decreased ROM on same side.
-Late gait phases.
Trendelenberg gait: indicates what issue? Looks like? How is it named?
-Indicates weak hip ABD (glut med/min, TFL).
-Opposite pelvis drop.
-Named based on the WEAK side.
Ex) R pelvis drop = L weak = L Trendelenberg.
Role of glut max
Decelerates forward momentum during early stance
Role of erector spinae
Maintain upright posture during stance phase
General rule for trunk lean
Stance: trunk leans TOWARD weakness (or away from contracture).
Swing: trunk leans AWAY from weakness.
Forward trunk lean in stance may indicate…
weak quads
Lateral trunk lean in stance may indicate…
weak glut med
Backward trunk lean in stance may indicate…
weak hip extensors
Backward trunk lean in swing may indicate…
weak hip flexors
Role of peroneals
-Concentric in stance.
-Maintain med/lat stability.
Role of foot intrinsics
-Concentric in stance.
-Support plantar fascia.
Characteristics of excessive PF
-Short stride length.
-Slower gait speed.
-Early heel-off.
-Knee hyperext.
-Fwd trunk lean.
Early heel-off may be caused by…
-Tight hip flexors (heel-off in terminal stance).
-Tight gastroc (heel-off in mid-stance).
Delayed heel contact may be caused by…
-Weak DF
-Tight PF
Toe drag may be caused by…
-Weak DF
-Tight PF
Foot slap may be caused by…
Weak eccentric DF
Knee hyperext in stance indicates…
quad weakness
Compensatory patterns associated with knee hyperext
-Excessive PF
-Flat foot at IC
-Anterior pelvic tilt
-Fwd trunk lean in stance
-Increased hip extension
Compensatory patterns associated with knee valgus
-Pes planus
-Excessive hip adduction
-Weak hip ABD
-Subtalar pronation
