stroke Flashcards
what is as stroke?
Brain attack caused by a disturbance of blood supply to the brain
what are the three main types of stroke?
Ischemic
haemorraghic
Transient ischemic attack
what is an ischemic stroke?
a blockage leading to bloodflow prevention
what is a haemorraghic stroke?
rupture of a blood vessel
what are two types of haemorraghic stroke?
intracerebral
subarachnoid
what does extracellular haemaglobin do in a haemorrhage?
haemaglobin induces cell death mainly via oxidation
subarachnoid haemorrhage as the highest incident rate of death and injury. Why?
subarachnoid blood distributes rapidly over the entire brain and penetrates deeply.
what is clot lysis?
the removal and breakdown of blood clots.
what is another name for an ischemic stroke?
Thrombotic stroke
what two types of treatment are there for strokes?
Preventitive
Clot bursting (thrombolysis)
what are modificable risk factors for strokes?
High bloodpressure
smoking
alcohol
obesity
cholestoral level
exercise level
what are un-modifiable risk factors of strokes?
Age
Race
Sex
Diabetes
what is an atheroma?
accumulation of intra/extracellular lipids in the inner layer of arteries
What is Atherosclerosis?
Thickening of artery walls and aterioles usually as a result hypertension or diabetes.
what is an aneurysm?
A bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in blood vessel wall
what can be used to determine the age of the lesion?
inflammatory markers
what happens to white blood cells after a stroke?
WBCs count goes up hours after the ischemic attack and take 1-2 days to reduce again
The immuno-depression of a stroke is a major determinant of mortality
what is an ischemic penumbra?
an area of reduced perfusion sufficient to cause partially irreversible clinical deficets but not disrupt ionic homeostasis.
what is an ischemic core?
irreersibly damaged tissue, low blood flow and depleted atp stores.
What two types of MRi are used to deteect inschemic stroke?
diffusion weighted imaging
(DWI)
Perfusion weighted imaging
(PWI)
what is a diffusion weighted imaging MRI?
Detects areas of restricted diffusion of water
what is a perfusion weighted imaging MRI?
detects abnoral blood flow
How do you find the penumbra area?
diffsuion-perfusion mismatch
what receptors protect against oxygen deprivation in the brain?
Glutamaate and Calcium receptors, protect neurons for up to 2hours against oxygen deprivation.
what receptors are involved in anoxic neuronal death?
NMDAR, TRPM2, TRPM7
under ischemic conditions what happens to Na+,k+ and pH gradients in neurons?
they enter the reverse state, leading to increased extracellular glutamte concentrations.
under ischemic conditions what happens to Na+,k+ and pH gradients in neurons?
they enter the reverse state, leading to increased extracellular glutamte concentrations.
