Parkinsons Disease Flashcards
How can you characterise Parkinsons?
Parkinsons is characterised as a movement disorder.
What symptoms are shown in parkinsons disease?
-difficulty initiaiting movement
-shuffling gate
-resting tremor
-rigidity
What are the pathological hallmarks of Parkinsons disease?
-loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
-lewy bodies appear in degenerating neurons.
What are the two main types of causes of parkinsons diseases?
sporadic and genetic
What are the sporadic causes parkinsons disease?
-drug abuse (MPTP)
- chemical exposure (pesticides)
Example of how drug abuse caused parkinsons?
Homemade drugs which incorrectly make MPTP as well- MPTP kills substanita neurons
Example of pesticides leading to parkinsons?
Farmers and those in the rural area near farms have high concentration of Parkinsons cases.
What are genetic causes of Parkinsons disease?
- DJ-1 (autosomal recessive)
- PINK-1 (autosomal recessive)
-Parkin (autosomal recessive)
-Synuclein mutations (juvenile onset)
what does MPTP do?
inhibits mitochondrial complex 1.
what does mutant alpha synuclein do?
Forms filaments directly interfers with cell transport and has prion like transmission, even across synapses
what is parkinsons pathogenic mechanism?
aberrant mitochondrial fucntion leads to oxiditive stress, which leads to inadequate clearing of misfolded proteins, accumulation of misfolded proteins leads to alpha synuclein aggreagation- filaments and then disruption pf vesicualr transport (NTs release)
Name 4 Parkinsons medical therapies?
- L-dopa
- Selegine
- Amantidine
- Apomorphine
- COMT inhibitors
what does L-dopa do?
increase dopamine production, as it can pass through the BBB
what does selegine do?
decrease dopamine breakdown
what does amanditine do?
antagonist of the NMDA receptor, which increases dopamine release and prevents dopamine reuptake.
