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Special Diagnostic Procedures > Stress Test > Flashcards

Stress Test Flashcards

1
Q

This is defined as a tool used to evaluate and management patients with known or suspected heart disease

A

Stress test

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Stress test determine the range of ability of the heart

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What disease is checked using Stress Test?

A

Coronary artery disease

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4
Q

What is the most important condition causing abnormality in ST segment?.

A

Myocardial infarction or ischemia

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5
Q

What is the main aim of stress testing?

A

assess coronary flow system and measure ability of heart to response to stress

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Stress testing can be induced through the use of drugs or exercise

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Stress test is monitored though the use of __________________

A

electrocardiogram or electrogardiography

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8
Q

Who are the patients who are tested using stress test?

A

Patients who suffer from arrythmia, complains of chest pain, difficulty in breathing

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9
Q

WHat is the test used to detect narrowed arteries?

A

Coronary angiogram

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Medications may be reuqired to stop for intake

A

TRUE - depends on physician

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11
Q

Eating and smoking should be stopped ___________ hrs before the stress test

A

2-4hrs

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12
Q

Drinking caffeinated drinks may cause ___________

A

palpitations

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13
Q

What should not be applied when preparing for nuclear stress test?

A

Oil, lotion, cream

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14
Q

Stress test lasts for _________

A

1hr

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15
Q

Pharmaceutical stress test mimics ___________

A

exercise = increase blood flow

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Stress testing can be stopped anytime if you’re too uncomfortable to continue exercising

A

TRUE

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17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms that are reasons to stop the test?

A
  • moderate to severe chest pain
  • Severe shortness of breath
  • Abnormally high/low blood pressure
  • Abnormal heart rhythm
  • Suffer fatigue/dizziness
  • Certain changes in ECG
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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Patients can do their normal activities after the stress testing

A

TRUE - depends on the result

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Patients may be required to  Stand still for several seconds and then lie down for a period of time with the monitors in place

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Acute myocardial infarction is a contraindication if it occurred within ________________

A

2-3 days

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Unstable angina (chest pain) not previously stabilized by medical therapy is NOT considered a contraindication

A

FALSE

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22
Q

Which type of angina occurs even if a person is not doing anything?

A

Variant or Prinzmetal angina

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23
Q

If the blood pressure of ___________________ is indicative of severe hypertension

A

Diastolic >100mmHg, Systole: >200mmHg or both

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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Inflammation of the heart is a contraindication for stress test

A

TRUE

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25
Q

Which are other contraindications of stress test?

A
  • Acute aortic dissection
  • High grade AV (atrioventricular) blocks
  • Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
  • Acute pulmonary embolism/Pulmonary infarction
  • Uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure
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26
Q

Which stress test has the possibility to induce allergic reaction but is rare?

A

Nuclear ST

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27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Treadmill stress test is very risky

A

FALSE

It has very little risk

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28
Q

A positive stress test indicates ______________

A

advanced coronary artery disease

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Heart attacks initially has SIGNIFICANT stress test result

A

FALSE

It is NOT SIGNIFICANT

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30
Q

What are the main types of stress test?

A

Exercise/Treadmill, Nuclear, Pharmacologic Stress test

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31
Q

Which among the types of stress tests is the most common and widely used type?

A

Exercise/Treadmill

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32
Q

What is the alternative used for treadmill?

A

Upright bicycle

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33
Q

What are the common test protocol for treadmill?

A

Bruce and modified bruce

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34
Q

How long is the warm uo stages for the stress test protocol lasts?

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Exercise stress test is cheaper than nuclear stress test

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Stress test is used for patients who has normal finding in resting ECG

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Nuclear stress test requires the wearing of a mouth piece after the test to measure the air you will breathe out

A

FALSE

  • it is needed for exercise/treadmill ST
38
Q

Which equipment is used along while performing exercise stress test to record heart beat and waves?

39
Q

What does the IV contains that is used for nuclear stress test?

A

Radioactive tracer

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

NuclearST is dangerous and can cause complications

A

FALSE

Life threatening complication from Nuclear ST occurs at 1/10,000

41
Q

What are the two portions when performing nuclear stress test?

A

during exercise/pharmalogic and while at rest

42
Q

What is the previous radioactive used?

A

Thallium-201

43
Q

What is the new radioactive used currently?

A

Tecnicium-99

44
Q

Why is Tc-99 more preferred to use?

A

It provides clearer images and less exposure to radiation

45
Q

What is the half-life of Tc-99?

46
Q

Tc-99 will expose you to ___________________ of radiation

A

11 millisieverts

47
Q

How is Tc-99 excreted from the body?

48
Q

What is the imaging used to capture images?

A

Myocardial Perfusion imaging (gamma camera)

49
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

BOTH nuclear ST and pharmacological ST is used for patients who are unable to exercise adequately

50
Q

What are the imaging modalities used in pharmacological ST?

A

Radionuclide imaging and echocardiography

51
Q

What are the drugs used to induce physiological stress?

A

Vasodilators (adenosine, dipyridamole)

Inotropic drugs (dobutamine)

52
Q

In general, what drug is more preferred for pharmacological ST?

A

Vasodilators

53
Q

What is the analogue of adenosine?

A

Regadenoson (has longer half-life)

54
Q

What are the machine and equipment used for stress testing?

A

Treadmill, electrocardiogram, bicycle ergometer, and BP equipment

55
Q

This equipment keeps track of heartbeat during test and tell the camera when to take a picture

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

56
Q

How much weight should a treadmill can accomodate?

A

up to 350lbs or 157.5kgs

57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Obese patients are advised not to use exercise/treadmill ST

58
Q

Emergency stop button must be __________________

A

easily accessible and visible by both Px and staff

59
Q

What is the range of speed for treadmill must have?

A

1.6km (1mph) to 12.8km (8mph)

60
Q

Up to what degrees should the elevation of the treadmill can do?

61
Q

What is the minimum treadmill platform length?

A

Length: 127cm or 50inches; Width: 40.64cm or 16inches

62
Q

This equipment is used for continuous monitoring of heart rhythm and evaluation of ischemic ECG changes

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

63
Q

How to know if the ECG used is acceptable for stress testing?

A

For as long as specification set by the American Heart Association is met

64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Inaccurate frequency response may lead to false results

65
Q

How to check for validity of data?

A

Compare raw analogue data to computer generated data

66
Q

What is used to produce interpretation clinically the ECG?

A

12-lead ECG

67
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

ECG equipment is needed in every laboratory

A

FALSE:

Not essential in every laboratory but practical in population with high risk for heart disease to have automatic arrythmia detectors

68
Q

What is the electrodes used for ECG?

A

Silver-Silver Chloride

69
Q

What is capable of minimizing motion artifact?

A

Silver-Silver Chloride, light weight shielded cables worn around the waist, flexible knit tube shirts

70
Q

Which is more expensive, treadmill or bicycle ergometer?

71
Q

Bicycle ergometer is used for orthopedic patients who has _________________

A

peripheral vascular or neurological limitations

72
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Bicycle ergometer’s work rate can be adjusted

73
Q

What is the unit used to calculate work rate?

A

watts or kilopond-meters per min-1

74
Q

What are the two types of bicycle ergometer?

A

Mechanically and electronically brakes

75
Q

Between the two types of bicycle ergometer, which needs to maintain specified cycling rate?

A

Mechanically braked

76
Q

What are the required physical set up of bicycle ergometer?

A

Handlebars, adjustable seat, Adaptable pedal grips, meters, dials, digital display

77
Q

WHat is the ideal seat height for bicycle ergometer?

A

knee should be slightly flexed at full extension

78
Q

What compares treadmill and bicycle ergometer?

A

When using bicycle the maximum oxygen uptake of Px is lower than 5-20% compared to treadmill

79
Q

Which BP equipment is most feasible and easy to use, and more reliable?

A

Manual auscultation

80
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Automated BP is the most reliable and recommended BP equip

A

FALSE - it can perform eratically during high exercise intensity where diastolic may not be accurate

81
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

BP cuffs are disposable

A

FALSE

It must be regularly cleaned and inspected

82
Q

This BP equipment is recommended than aneroid manometer however not available anymore. It is more accurate and reliable, easy to calibrate

A

Mercury manometer

83
Q

Manometer is placed __________________

A

at the level of Px’s heart

Special Diagnostic Procedures (10 decks)

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