Perfusion (part 1) Flashcards
What is perfusion technology?
it involves the study of physiology, pathology, and the associated equipment used to support the function of heart’s and/or lungs during surgical procedures
What is the responsibility of a perfusionist?
operates extracorporeal circulation equipment during an open-heart surgery or medical procedure in which it is necessary to artificially support or temporarily replace a patient’s circulatory or respiratory function
This temporarily replaces the function of heart and lungs while it is arrested to provide a still and bloodless surgical field
Cardiopulmonary bypass
What are the other terms for perfusionist?
cardiopulmonary perfusionist or perfusion technologist, and pump team
What is extracorporeal?
medical procedure performed outside the body
TRUE OR FALSE:
A perfusionist can be anyone in the medical field as long as with training as perfusionist
TRUE
This diverts the blood away from heart and lungs, adds oxygen to heart and lungs
Cardiopulmonary bypass machine
A perfusion is defined as __________________________
process in which blood is forced to flow through a network of microscopic vessels within biologic tissue, allowing exchange of oxygen and other molecules across semipermeable microvascular walls
The perfusate is ___________________
any fluid flowing through a tissue or organ
Perfusate is also known as _________
prime
What is the responsibility of perfusate?
It deairs the CPB
This component of the CPB substitutes the lungs
Oxygenator (gas exchange device)
The pump substitutes for the ______________
heart
What is the basic form of CPB Machine?
Plastic tubings
Reservoir
Pump
Oxygenator
TRUE OR FALSE:
Venous blood is drained by gravity to the pump through cannula
FALSE
It drains to the gravity to the reservoir
What is the first string or draw string?
suture formed during given procedure
This is used to snug/knot tubes to provide pressure against knots to ensure hemostasis
Rumel Tourniquet
This is where the antigrade delivery for cardioplegia solution
aortic root vent
The first mechanical CPB is credited to ___________
John Gibbon (1953, Philadelphia)
What is the cardioplegia solution used in CPB?
Cold potassium
The CPB machine’s suckers is used to ________________
scavenge blood to operative field
This component of CPB machine functions to oxygenate, remove carbon dioxide and cool/re-warm blood
Oxygenator system, venous reservoir, oxygenator, heat exchanger
This component of CPB machine functions to delivers fresh gas to the oxygenator in a controlled mixture
Gas line and FiO2 blender
This component of CPB machine functions to pumps blood at a set flow rate to the patient
arterial pump
What is the function of cardiotomy suckers and vents?
Scavenges blood from operative field and vents the heart
What is the function of arterial line filter?
Removes microaggregates and particulate matter >40um
What is the function of cardioplegia systems?
Deliver high-dose potassium solutions to arrest the heart and preserve the myocardium
This component of CPB machine functions to connect the patient to the extracorporeal circuit
Cannulae
What is FiO2?
Fraction of inspired oxygen (the % concentration of O2 inhaled by Px)
What is the tubing size for cardioplegia section?
3/16” or 4.5mm
What is the tubing size for suction tubing?
1/4” or 6.0mm
The 3/8” (9.0mm) tubing is for _______________
arterial pump line for flow rates <6.7L/min
The 1/2” (12.0mm) tubing is for _______________
venous line
What is the most common tubing material?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Which tubing material has durability and has accepted hemolysis rate?
polyvinyl chloride/PVC
What is the most common tubing material?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Which tubing material has durability and has accepted hemolysis rate?
polyvinyl chloride/PVC
How does PVC have a fairly rigid characteristic?
This tubing material is made of polymer chains of carbon chloride bands
What is the disadvantage of PVC?
during hypothermic CPB = stiffens; it tends to induce spallation
nag bombard ng very high energy particles that disintegrate being used in procedure, release pf plastic microparticles from inner tubing due to pump compression
This tubing material has less hemolysis than PVC
Silicone
This tubing material induce more spallation
Silicone
The silicone tubing material is used for _______________
arterial roller pump root because it constantly compress tubing of rollers = induce more hemolysis
What is the disadvantage of latex rubber?
generate hemolysis than PVC
This component of CPB machine connects the patient to the circuit to the CPB machine
Cannulae
Cannulae is made up of ______________________
PVC. reinforced with wire to prevent obstruction due to kinking
What are the two types of arterial cannulae?
curved/angled and straight
Which arterial cannula is preferred?
thin-walled cannula. It presents lower resistant to flow due tp large internal diameter = reduction to arterial pressure
This angle tip arterial cannula ____________________
directs blood flow to aortic arch rather than wall of aorta
This arterial cannula aid secure fixation to vessel wall
Cannula w/flange
What are the commonly used venous cannulae?
Y connector
Single stage cannula
Dual/two stage cannula
This venous cannula is used to connect a single stage cannula
Y connector
The site for single stage cannula is _________
superior/inferior vena cava
What is the difference between singe and two stage cannula?
the site for double stage cannula is SVC and right atrial to drain venous blood
TRUE OR FALSE:
The single stage cannula allows deoxygenated blood to be drained from Px to extracorporeal circuit
FALSE
The two stage cannula allows deoxygenated blood
What is the alternative site for two stage cannula?
Femoral vein
The two stage cannula is used during ________________
surgeries does not involve open chamber of heart (closed heart surgery)
The single stage cannula is used during _________________
open heart surgery
Drainage of blood occurs through _______________
gravity
