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Special Diagnostic Procedures > Perfusion (part 1) > Flashcards

Perfusion (part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is perfusion technology?

A

it involves the study of physiology, pathology, and the associated equipment used to support the function of heart’s and/or lungs during surgical procedures

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2
Q

What is the responsibility of a perfusionist?

A

operates extracorporeal circulation equipment during an open-heart surgery or medical procedure in which it is necessary to artificially support or temporarily replace a patient’s circulatory or respiratory function

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3
Q

This temporarily replaces the function of heart and lungs while it is arrested to provide a still and bloodless surgical field

A

Cardiopulmonary bypass

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4
Q

What are the other terms for perfusionist?

A

cardiopulmonary perfusionist or perfusion technologist, and pump team

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5
Q

What is extracorporeal?

A

medical procedure performed outside the body

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

A perfusionist can be anyone in the medical field as long as with training as perfusionist

A

TRUE

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7
Q

This diverts the blood away from heart and lungs, adds oxygen to heart and lungs

A

Cardiopulmonary bypass machine

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8
Q

A perfusion is defined as __________________________

A

process in which blood is forced to flow through a network of microscopic vessels within biologic tissue, allowing exchange of oxygen and other molecules across semipermeable microvascular walls

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9
Q

The perfusate is ___________________

A

any fluid flowing through a tissue or organ

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10
Q

Perfusate is also known as _________

A

prime

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11
Q

What is the responsibility of perfusate?

A

It deairs the CPB

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12
Q

This component of the CPB substitutes the lungs

A

Oxygenator (gas exchange device)

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13
Q

The pump substitutes for the ______________

A

heart

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14
Q

What is the basic form of CPB Machine?

A

Plastic tubings
Reservoir
Pump
Oxygenator

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Venous blood is drained by gravity to the pump through cannula

A

FALSE

It drains to the gravity to the reservoir

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16
Q

What is the first string or draw string?

A

suture formed during given procedure

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17
Q

This is used to snug/knot tubes to provide pressure against knots to ensure hemostasis

A

Rumel Tourniquet

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18
Q

This is where the antigrade delivery for cardioplegia solution

A

aortic root vent

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19
Q

The first mechanical CPB is credited to ___________

A

John Gibbon (1953, Philadelphia)

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20
Q

What is the cardioplegia solution used in CPB?

A

Cold potassium

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21
Q

The CPB machine’s suckers is used to ________________

A

scavenge blood to operative field

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22
Q

This component of CPB machine functions to oxygenate, remove carbon dioxide and cool/re-warm blood

A

Oxygenator system, venous reservoir, oxygenator, heat exchanger

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23
Q

This component of CPB machine functions to delivers fresh gas to the oxygenator in a controlled mixture

A

Gas line and FiO2 blender

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24
Q

This component of CPB machine functions to pumps blood at a set flow rate to the patient

A

arterial pump

25
Q

What is the function of cardiotomy suckers and vents?

A

Scavenges blood from operative field and vents the heart

26
Q

What is the function of arterial line filter?

A

Removes microaggregates and particulate matter >40um

27
Q

What is the function of cardioplegia systems?

A

Deliver high-dose potassium solutions to arrest the heart and preserve the myocardium

28
Q

This component of CPB machine functions to connect the patient to the extracorporeal circuit

A

Cannulae

29
Q

What is FiO2?

A

Fraction of inspired oxygen (the % concentration of O2 inhaled by Px)

30
Q

What is the tubing size for cardioplegia section?

A

3/16” or 4.5mm

31
Q

What is the tubing size for suction tubing?

A

1/4” or 6.0mm

32
Q

The 3/8” (9.0mm) tubing is for _______________

A

arterial pump line for flow rates <6.7L/min

33
Q

The 1/2” (12.0mm) tubing is for _______________

A

venous line

34
Q

What is the most common tubing material?

A

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

35
Q

Which tubing material has durability and has accepted hemolysis rate?

A

polyvinyl chloride/PVC

36
Q

What is the most common tubing material?

A

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

37
Q

Which tubing material has durability and has accepted hemolysis rate?

A

polyvinyl chloride/PVC

38
Q

How does PVC have a fairly rigid characteristic?

A

This tubing material is made of polymer chains of carbon chloride bands

39
Q

What is the disadvantage of PVC?

A

during hypothermic CPB = stiffens; it tends to induce spallation

nag bombard ng very high energy particles that disintegrate being used in procedure, release pf plastic microparticles from inner tubing due to pump compression

40
Q

This tubing material has less hemolysis than PVC

A

Silicone

41
Q

This tubing material induce more spallation

A

Silicone

42
Q

The silicone tubing material is used for _______________

A

arterial roller pump root because it constantly compress tubing of rollers = induce more hemolysis

43
Q

What is the disadvantage of latex rubber?

A

generate hemolysis than PVC

44
Q

This component of CPB machine connects the patient to the circuit to the CPB machine

A

Cannulae

45
Q

Cannulae is made up of ______________________

A

PVC. reinforced with wire to prevent obstruction due to kinking

46
Q

What are the two types of arterial cannulae?

A

curved/angled and straight

47
Q

Which arterial cannula is preferred?

A

thin-walled cannula. It presents lower resistant to flow due tp large internal diameter = reduction to arterial pressure

48
Q

This angle tip arterial cannula ____________________

A

directs blood flow to aortic arch rather than wall of aorta

49
Q

This arterial cannula aid secure fixation to vessel wall

A

Cannula w/flange

50
Q

What are the commonly used venous cannulae?

A

Y connector
Single stage cannula
Dual/two stage cannula

51
Q

This venous cannula is used to connect a single stage cannula

A

Y connector

52
Q

The site for single stage cannula is _________

A

superior/inferior vena cava

53
Q

What is the difference between singe and two stage cannula?

A

the site for double stage cannula is SVC and right atrial to drain venous blood

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The single stage cannula allows deoxygenated blood to be drained from Px to extracorporeal circuit

A

FALSE

The two stage cannula allows deoxygenated blood

55
Q

What is the alternative site for two stage cannula?

A

Femoral vein

56
Q

The two stage cannula is used during ________________

A

surgeries does not involve open chamber of heart (closed heart surgery)

57
Q

The single stage cannula is used during _________________

A

open heart surgery

58
Q

Drainage of blood occurs through _______________

A

gravity

Special Diagnostic Procedures (10 decks)

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