Organ Donation Flashcards
Organ donation is a process of ______________________
removing tissues or organs from a live, or recently dead/deceased, person to be used in another
What are the vital organs that can be successfully transplanted?
kidney, liver, heart, lungs, small intestines
This refers to an individual who voluntarily donates organ, tissue, or part thereof, gratuitously to another who accepts it
Donor
This is an individual who received the organ or tissue through transplantation
Recipient
What are the three possible recipients?
Accredited medical/dental school college university
Tissue bank storage facility
Individual
What does PhilNOS stands for?
Philippine Network for Organ Sharing
When was PhilNOS established?
June 23, 2010
PhilNOS acts primarily as ____________
central coordinating body for organ donation/transplantation. They are responsible for allocation of organ/tissue.
What are the different types of donor?
Living donor (LRD, LNRD) Deceased/Cadaveric
This donor is related to the recipient by blood within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity
Living related donor (LRD)
TRUE OR FALSE:
If the Px (recipient) suffers from hereditary disease, LRD is not recommended
TRUE
This donor not related to the recipient by blood or related by blood beyond the fourth civil degree of consanguinity but who is willing to donate
Living non-related donor (LNRD)
Related emotionally, commercial donor are considered as _________
LNRD
This donor individual who has just died and was previously known to be healthy patient who have suffered irreversible catastrophic brain injury of known etiology
Deceased/Cadaveric donor
If a Px had suffered from brain death/comatose, it has _____________________
irreversible neurological damage/cessation of entire brain = need ventilator/respirator to support breathing
A cadaveric/deceased donor must be free from _______________________
sepsis, transmissible disease, malignancy, primary brain tumor,
localized malignancy is acceptable
TRUE OR FALSE:
PMOD is possible as long as individual has met the criteria mentioned. It is only applicable to deceased/cadaveric donor
TRUE
PMOD stands for ______________
potential multiple organ donor
A donor is eligible if _______________________
- He/she must be 18 years old and above
- No existing clinical conditions
- The results of donor testing for relevant communicable disease agents are negative or nonreactive
- Free from risk factors for, and clinical evidence of, infection due to relevant communicable disease agents and diseases
- Free from communicable disease risks associated with xenotransplantation
What are the organ and tissues that ca be donated?
ORGANS: heart lungs liver kidneys intestine pancreas
TISSUES: cornea tendons valves veins skin bones
What is the criteria used for suitability and matching. It is the national scoring system by which allocation of organ is based on (system for donor)
DASS or donor allocation scoring system
Which is amenable for transplantation?
ESOD or end stage organ disease
This is the system for organ
OSASS or Organ specific allocation scoring system
The individuals who are potential recipient. Diagnosed as end stage organ disease and medically suitable to receive organ graft
OTC (Organ transplant candidate)
KTC is ____________________
kidney transplant candidate (px w/ end stage renal disease) = qualified to receive kidney graft
LTC is ________________
liver transplant candidate (px w/ end stage liver disease) = Px w/ acute liver failure, specific metabolic disorder
This system contain national computerized data base ng lahat ng organ transplant candidate, transplant recipient (has already received organ graft), organ donors
PODRRS (Philippine Organ Donor and Recipient Registry System)
The Hospital transplant candidate waiting list contains __________________
database of all potential organ recipient of a particlaur transplant center
System for buong Pilipinas (Philippine data base of all potential organ recipient). Lahat ng transplant center of the Philippines.
National transplant candidate waiting list
Once removed from donors body, it must be transplanted within _______________
Heart – can be transplanted 4-6hrs Lungs – 4-6hrs Liver – 8-12 hrs Pancreas – 12-18hrs Kidney – 1 – 1 ½ day (24-36hrs) Intestines (Small) – 8-16 hrs
What is the scoring system/model to know sino iprioritize na Px for liver transplantation? It predict 90-day mortality while waiting for liver transplant
MELD (Model for end stage liver disease)
What are being considered or calculated in MELD?
Serum creatinine (set at 4mg/dL),
bilirubin,
INR (International normalized ratio – also used for coagulaition studies),
serum sodium (for px w/ dialysis 2x for the last week or 24hrs)
What is the criteria used for suitability and matching. It is the national scoring system by which allocation of organ is based on (system for donor)
DASS or donor allocation scoring system
Which is amenable for transplantation?
ESOD or end stage organ disease
This is the system for organ
OSASS or Organ specific allocation scoring system
The individuals who are potential recipient. Diagnosed as end stage organ disease and medically suitable to receive organ graft
OTC (Organ transplant candidate)
KTC is ____________________
kidney transplant candidate (px w/ end stage renal disease) = qualified to receive kidney graft
LTC is ________________
liver transplant candidate (px w/ end stage liver disease) = Px w/ acute liver failure, specific metabolic disorder
This system contain national computerized data base ng lahat ng organ transplant candidate, transplant recipient (has already received organ graft), organ donors
PODRRS (Philippine Organ Donor and Recipient Registry System)
The Hospital transplant candidate waiting list contains __________________
database of all potential organ recipient of a particlaur transplant center
System for buong Pilipinas (Philippine data base of all potential organ recipient). Lahat ng transplant center of the Philippines.
National transplant candidate waiting list
Once removed from donors body, it must be transplanted within _______________
Heart – can be transplanted 4-6hrs Lungs – 4-6hrs Liver – 8-12 hrs Pancreas – 12-18hrs Kidney – 1 – 1 ½ day (24-36hrs) Intestines (Small) – 8-16 hrs
What is the scoring system/model to know sino iprioritize na Px for liver transplantation? It predict 90-day mortality while waiting for liver transplant
MELD (Model for end stage liver disease)
Which status represent Px w/ acute liver failure/dsase (estimated survival time: <7days) = highest priority?
Status 1
What are being considered or calculated in PELD?
growth failure (gender, height, weight), age at listing, bilirubin, INR, albumin
What is the range of the score for MELD/PELD?
Score ranges 6 to 40 (equates the estimated 30-day survival rate from 90% to 7%) 6 = 90%, 4 = 7%
What is the score to be considered as candidate for liver transplant?
> 17
If the score is <15, Px is ________________
not considered as immediate candidate for transplantation. they are deferred for transplantation
If the score is under 10, it must be _____________
recalculated annualy
If the score is 11-18, it must be _____________
recalculate every 3mos
If the score is 19-24, it must be _____________
recalculate once a month
When is the final crossmatch performed prior to transplantation?
48hrs before
What are the other factors for liver transplantation?
supply, demand location (gano kalapit) manggaling blood type body sites (if too big/small) pediatric = mas mahirap pag hanap ng donor age
What are the conditions for reconsideration to add exception points?
cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer), cystic fibrosis, HAT/hepatic artery thrombosis, HCC/hepatocellular carcinoma, HPS/hepatopulmonary syndrome, metabolic syndrome/diseases
What is the goal of pre-transplant infectious screening?
identify condition na pwede madisqualify donor or recipient, treat active infection pre-transplant, define risk of infection/know strategies, prevent interventions (vaccine status).
In donor screening, antibiotics must be administered at least _____________
14 days
Which status represent that has a score of >29 = severely ill, potentially hospitalized
Status 2a
Status 2b has a score of _____________
24-29 = end stage liver disease and severly ill but not requiring hospitalization (manage sa bahay)
Status 3 has a score of ______________
<24 = Px w/ liver disease but too early to have cadaveric transplantation but suitable for live donor candidate
What are the tests performed for transplant screening?
Blood type
HLA
Crossmatch
Serology
if the blood type of a donor is O, allocate the organ to blood type ______
O
If none = allocate to other blood types ( PRIORITY SAME BLOOD TYPE)
Same with A, B, AB
TRUE OR FALSE:
Rh type is a factor for donor matching
FALSE
It is NOT a factor
This is checked for tissue type of all potential donors is considered in donor selection.
HLA
When is the final crossmtach performed prior to transplantation?
48hrs before
Serology tests are performed to _______________
detect potentially transmissible diseases
TRUE OR FALSE:
Prevention strategies for infection also include educating the recipient and his or her family
TRUE
What is the goal of pre-transplant infectious screening?
idenitify condition na pwede madisqualify donor or recipient, treat acitve infection pre-transplant, define risk of infection/know strategies, prevent interventions (vaccine status).
In donor screening, antibiotics must be administered at least _____________
14 days
TRUE OR FALSE:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been transmitted by transplantation
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
The most common bacterial infection that can be transmitted through organ transplantation is syphilis
FALSE
It is rarely transmitted but it is not a contraindication if the recipient is treated posttransplant with an appropriate course of benzathine penicillin
What are the viral infections that is being screened for both donor and recipient?
CMV EBV Other herpesviruses Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C Virus HIV West Nile Virus SARS Rabies Virus PTLT HSV VZV
Which viral infection can cause meningoencephalitis?
WNV
TRUE OR FALSE:
Active systemic fungal infection in the donor is a contraindication to transplantation
TRUE
The toxoplasmosis is a major concern in _____________
heart transplantation
Toxoplasma- seronegative recipient of a Toxoplasma-seropositive heart is at highest risk for developing active toxoplasmosis post-transplant
Toxoplasmosis is rarely transmitted in __________
liver and kidney
TRUE OR FALSE:
Screening donors for toxoplasmosis is routinely performed for every transplantation
FALSE
If non-cardiac transplantation, not routinely performed if non-cardiac donor
In South and Latin America, what diseases is significant problem in endemic area?
Chagas Disease
What is the republic act for authorizing the legacy or donation of all or part of a human body after death for specified purposes
RA 7170
This is the Philippine HIV and AIDS policy act
RA 11166
Who and when was the Organ Donation Act of 1991 approved?
January 7, 1992 by President Corazon C. Aquino
According to Sec 6 of RA 7170, the persons who may become legatees or donees are: ______________________
hospital physician or surgeon, accredited medical/dental school, college, or university, organ bank storage facility and any specified individual
What is the title of Sec 4 or RA 7170?
Person who may execute donation
What is the title of Sec 6 or RA 7170?
Persons Who May Become Legatees or Donees
What is the title of Sec 14 or RA 7170?
International Sharing of Human Organs or Tissues
According to Sec 14 of RA 7170, the sharing of organs and tissues shall be made only through _________
exchange programs duly approved by DOH
What is RA 8502?
Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998
How many sections are there in RA 7170?
19 Sections
How many sections and articles is the RA 8502?
9 articles with 52 sections
When and who approved RA 8502?
February 13, 1998 by President Fidel V. Ramos
This is the Philippine HIV and AIDS policy act
RA 11166
The Philippine HIV and AIDS policy act consists of ___________
8 articles with 57 sections
The Philippine HIV and AIDS policy act is approved by ___________
President Rodrigo R. Duterte in December 20, 2018
This law is to modify certain provision of the original version to be more effective in dealing HIV condition in the Philippine setting
RA 11166 Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act
The RA 11166 repeals for the purpose of ______________
RA 8504
What are the guidelines on the donation of blood, tissue, or organ?
Tissue/organ is accepted if NEG for HIV
All donated bloos should be subjected to HIV testing
All POS donors for HIV shall be deferred, notified, counselled, referred for care and clinical management ASAP
POS donations is accepted for researchh purposes and subjected to strict sanitary disposal
Second testing may be demanded before transfusion/transplant except during emergency
TRUE OR FALSE:
Individuals ages 15-18 yrs of age will no longer be required a consent from a parent or guardian for HIV testing but w/ consent to voluntarily be tested from child
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
Young person aged below 18 who is pregnant or engaged in high-risk behavior shall be eligible for HIV testing and counseling, with the assistance of a licensed social worker or health worker
FALSE
Below 16
When will compulsory HIV testing be allowed?
test a person charged with any offenses punishable by law (rape, physical injury, simple seduction)
necessary to resolve relevant issues under EO 209 “family code of philippines”
prerequisite in blood donation
What are the discriminatory acts and practices?
exclusion from credit and insurance services
discrimination in hospital and health institutions
denial of burial services
bullying in all forms (name calling, bullying in social media)
Which is responsible for procuring of organs and for procedure of consent, donor management, and organ transportation that is accredited by PhilNOS?
Organ procurement organization (OPO)
This refers to the designated trained health care professional who takes the central role and acts as liaison between the referring hospital and the retrieval and transplant team members
Transplant coordinator (TC)
This refers to the TC who shall have the responsibility of coordinating the transplant candidate’s evaluation, management, and follow-up care
Clinical Transplant Coordinator
Which TC is in-hospital services?
Clinical Transplant Coordinator
This refers to a healthcare professional of organ procurement organization, designated to coordinate with the donor family and facility in order to facilitate a donation and proper transport of donated organ or tissue
Procurement Transplant Coordinator
Which TC is responsible for coordinating outside the hospital?
Procurement Transplant Coordinator
This rovides overall direction and system ng implementation of organ donation and transplantation sa buong pilipinas, through POTDTB under DOH
NODTP (National organ donation and transplantation program)
The POTDTB (Philippine organ and tissue donation and transplantation board) observed as ________________
overseer in implementation and policies of organ donation and transplantation
