Stress- Mustafa Flashcards
What is stress?
A negative emotional experience accompanied by biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that are directed toward altering the stressful event
-Stress response is a centrally mediated processes to make the organisms adaptive to the environmental demand
What is physical stress?
A direct physical threat to one’s well-being
(Cold, heat, infecting extended exercise)
Down to up approach (starts in distal tissue and moves to brain)
What is psychological stress?
An event that tis PERCEIVED as negative (not physically threatening)
Loss of loved one
Personal disappointment
Up to down approach (starts in brain, and moves out)
What two systems are activated in stress?
SAM = sympathetic-Adrenal- Medulla axis
HPA = Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis
What hormones are released in HPA axis?
- Cortiocotropin-Releasing Hormone
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
What causes the production of cortisol?
Glucocortiocoid hormone
Released from Adrenal cortex by stimulation by ACTH
How does cortisol influence the immune system?
Decreased A LOT of things!!!
Decreased MAC response
Decreased interlukin production
Decreased CD4 cell production
Decreased B-cell and NK cell activity
What is allostasis?
Refinement of homeostasis
The compensation that an organisms engages in to achieve homeostasis successfully
Active process to maintain homeostasis
Describe the fight-flight response?
Loosely defined constellation of survival function
Prototype stress response
Incorporates powerful emotional, neuroendocrine, and autonomic changes to increase chance of survival
What are the stages in the general adaption syndrome?
Alarm reaction - body detect the external stimulus
Adaptation- where the body engages in defensive counter measures against the stressor
Exhaustion- where the body begins to run out of defenses
What is a major limitation of Selye’s work? (General Adaption Syndrome Model)
Lack of physiological and social influences
Define coping
The process of managing demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person
If coping strategy was successful/adaptation, decreases impact of stress!
dynamic transactions!
When is stress bad?
Chronic or excessive
Could lead to the development or progression of illness
What is learned helplessness?
Repeated efforts to exert control in situations that fail to achieve an organism’s desired effects lead to a sense of “helplessness”
Makes it harder to cope with stress!
What type of people do better when faced with stress?
- Perceiving events as challenges rather than threats
- Believing that you have control over adverse events
- People with optimism in life
