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A&P General > Stress and Sound > Flashcards

Stress and Sound Flashcards

1
Q

Stress

A

An internal force in an object which resists any attempt by an external force to change the shape of the object

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2
Q

Types of Stress

A

Tension

Compression

Shear

Torsion

Bending

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3
Q

Tension

A

A stress that tries to pull an object apart

Two forces acting in the opposite direction outward, along the same line

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4
Q

Compression

A

A stress that tries to push an object together

Two forces acting in opposite direction inward, along the same line

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5
Q

Shear

A

A stress that tries to slide objects apart

Two forces acting in opposite direction (inward or outward) along different lines

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6
Q

Torsion

A

A twisting force

Two forces applied in opposite direction, along the same axis

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7
Q

Bending

A

A combination of tension, compression, and shear

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8
Q

Strain

A

The deformation of a material caused by stress

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9
Q

Elasticity

A

The property of a material to return to its original shape after being placed under an external stress

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10
Q

Elastic Limit

A

The greatest external stress an elastic solid can sustain without undergoing permanent (plastic) deformation

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11
Q

Yield Point

A

The point where a material will continue to deform without applying additional force other than gravity

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12
Q

Ultimate Strength

A

Point where the part will break

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13
Q

Hook’s Law

A

Stress is equal to strain until the elastic limit is exceeded

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14
Q

Requirements for Sound to Exist

A

Source

Transmission medium

Receptor

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15
Q

Waves

A

Consists of crests and troughs

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16
Q

Wave Length

A

The distance between crests

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17
Q

Cycle

A

One complete crest and trough

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18
Q

Frequency

A

The number of cycles that pass a given point in one second

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19
Q

Frequency Measurement Units

A

Hertz

One Herts is equal to one cycle per second

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20
Q

Speed of Sound

A

Changes as both the density and the temperature of the medium changes

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21
Q

Speed of Sound and Density

A

The speed of sound is directly proportional to the density of the transmission medium

Sound travels 15 times faster through steel as it does through the air

22
Q

Speed of Sound and Temperature

A

The speed of sound is directly proportional to the temperature of the medium

The speed of sound will change by 1.1 fps. For each degree of Farhenheit temperature change

23
Q

Speed of Sound at Sea Level Under Standard Conditions

A

1116 fps = Mach 1
761 mph = Mach 1

24
Q

Subsonic

A

True airspeed less than Mach 1

25
Q

Mach Critical

A

.72-.85 subsonic airspeed

The subsonic airspeed at which a shock wave will start to develop on an aircraft’s wing horizontal stabilizer and cockpit

26
Q

Transonic

A

True airspeed passing through Mach 1

27
Q

Supersonic

A

True airspeed above Mach 1

28
Q

Doppler Effect

A

A frequency shift caused by the relative motion between the source and receptor

29
Q

Fuselage

A

Main body of the aircraft

30
Q

Truss

A

Pratt truss

Warren truss

31
Q

Pratt Truss

A

Box like frame

Not very strong

32
Q

Warren Truss

A

Triangular frame

Strongest truss type frame

33
Q

Monocoque (4)

A

Old metal and wood covered aircraft

Skin is stretched around vertical members called rings and formers

Skin gives the structure strength, holds the fuselage rigid and requires a thick skin

Dents, cracks cause a rapid failure

34
Q

Semi-Monocoque

A

Most modern metal covered aircraft are of this type

Along with the vertical. This structure also incorporates longitudinal members called longerons

  • Longerons and stingers
  • Bending loads are taken up the longitudinal members. Therefore, skin thickness can be reduced
35
Q

Bulkheads

A

Used attachment points, and pressurization sections

36
Q

Rings and Formers

A

Hold the fuselage and shape

37
Q

Longerons

A

Heaviest members extends across several vertical members

Takes up primary bending load

38
Q

Stringers

A

Lightweight, maintain shape of the structure

39
Q

Guessets

A

Used at the intersection of vertical and horizontal members

Add strength and stiffness to the airframe

40
Q

Aircraft Skin

A

Monocoque and semi-monocoque aircraft have stressed skin

Skin is under constant tension, compression, bending and torsion loads

NOTE: Even small cracks are critical

41
Q

Pylons

A

Provide mounting points for engines and external stores

42
Q

Nacelles

A

Smooth airflow and reduce the drag around engines, fuel tanks, etc…

43
Q

Wings

A

Main lifting body of the aircraft

May be designed to house wheels, supports, contain fuel, mount flight controls, etc…

44
Q

Metal Wings

A

During flight, wing is subject to bending loads

Lower skin more critical to repar than lower wing (look up and confirm in book)

Lower skin under a tension load

Upper skin under a compression load

45
Q

Semi-Cantilever

A

Requires extra bracing

46
Q

Landind Struts

A

On a low wing aircraft

47
Q

Lifting Struts

A

On a high wing aircraft

48
Q

Cantilever wing

A

Requires no external bracing and has a heavy constructed center section

49
Q

Spars

A

Runs the span of the wind from the wing root to the wing tip

The principal structural component of the main load bearing member

Wings may have a single or multi-spar design

50
Q

Wings contain

A

Spars, ribs, stringers, and bulkheads

51
Q

Wing Covering Materials

A

Metal

Composite material

Doped fabric

Plywood

A&P General (18 decks)

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