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A&P General > Materials and Processes > Flashcards

Materials and Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Tensile Strength

A

Resists being pulled apart end to end and is rated in thousands of PSI. The resulting force is called tension.

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2
Q

Yield Strength

A

The metal’s ability to resist being deformed.

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3
Q

Shear Strength

A

Metals ability to resist opposing forces.

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4
Q

Bearing Strength

A

Metals ability to resist being crushed.

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5
Q

Hardness

A

A metal’s ability to resist cutting, penetration, or abrasion.

Can be changed by heat treating or annealing.

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6
Q

Malleability

A

Metal’s ability to be bent, formed or shaped without cracking.

Hardness and malleability are considered to be opposite characteristics.

Annealed metals are malleable.

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7
Q

Ductility

A

Metal’s ability to be drawn out or stretched without cracking.

Ex. Wire stock, extrusions, and rods

Ductile metals are used for aircraft because of the ease of forming and shock resistance.

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8
Q

Brittleness

A

Metals tendency to crack or break under stress

Opposite of ductility and malleability

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9
Q

Conductivity

A

Metal’s ability to transfer temperature or electricity.

When metal conducts heat, it is being thermally conductive.

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10
Q

Elasticity

A

Metal’s ability to return to its original shape after stretching or bending

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11
Q

Toughness

A

Metal’s ability to resist breaking or tearing when bent or stretched.

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12
Q

Fusibility

A

Metal’s ability to be joined by heating.

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13
Q

Density

A

Metal’s mass.

The denser a metals is, the heavier it is.

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14
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

Metal’s ability to expand when heated and contract when cooled.

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15
Q

Ferrous Metals

A

An iron alloy that contains a controlled amount of carbon

Magnetic

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16
Q

Nonferrous

A

An alloy containing no iron.

Aluminum, copper, titanium, and magnesium.

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17
Q

Wrought Forming

A

Physically working metal into a shape.

Both hot working and cold working are considered wrought forming.

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18
Q

Hot Working

A

Working metals while it is heated to near it’s critical temperature

Rolling
Forging

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19
Q

Cold Working

A

Shaping, rolling, or drawing metal below it’s critical temperature.

Cold rolling
Bending
Cold drawing

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20
Q

Strain Hardening

A

Mechanically working a metal below it’s critical temperature, altering the grain structure and hardening the metal.

Indicated by the letter “H” after the allow number if done by design. Example: 5052-H

Cold working or work hardening.

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21
Q

Magnetic particle inspection is used primarily to detect what?

A

Flaws on or near the surface.

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22
Q

Liquid penetrant inspection methods may be used on which of the following?

A

Ferrous and nonferrous metals and nonporous plastics.

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23
Q

Which of these nondestructive testing methods is suitable for the inspection of most metals, plastics, and ceramics for surface and subsurface defects?

A

Ultrasonic Inspection.

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24
Q

Which of the following defects are not acceptable for metal lines?

A

Dents in straight section that are 20% of tube diameter.

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25
Q

What nondestructive testing method requires little or no part preparation, is used to detect surface or near-surface defects in most metals, and may also be used to separate metals or alloys and their heat-treated conditions?

A

Eddy Current Inspection

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26
Q

What method of magnetic particle inspection is used most often to inspect aircraft parts for invisible cracks and other defects?

A

The continuous method of magnetic particle inspection.

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27
Q

Which of the following factors are considered essential knowledge for X.ray exposure?

A

Material thickness and density and the type of defect to be detected.

Material thickness and density
Shape and size of the object
Type of defect to be detected
Characteristics of X-ray machine used
Exposure distance
Exposure angle
Film characteristics
Type of intensifying screen, if used
The type of defect to be detected

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28
Q

The testing medium that is generally used in magnetic particle inspection utilizes a ferromagnetic material that has what?

A

High permeability and low retentivity.

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29
Q

Which statement relating to the residual magnetizing inspection method is true?

A

It may be used with steels which have been heat treated for stressed applications.

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30
Q

A mechanic has completed a bonded honeycomb repair using the potted compound repair technique. What nondestructive testing method is used to determine the soundness of the repair after the repair has cured?

A

Metallic ring test.

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31
Q

What two types of indicating mediums are available for magnetic particle inspection?

A

Wet and dry process materials.

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32
Q

Which of the following materials may be inspected using the magnetic particle inspection method?

A

Iron alloys.

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33
Q

One way a part may be demagnetized after magnetic particle inspection is by what?

A

Slowly moving the part out of an AC magnetic field of sufficient strength.

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34
Q

Which type crack can be detected by magnetic particle inspection using either circular or longitudinal magnetization?

A

45 degrees.

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35
Q

Which of the following methods may be suitable to use to detect cracks open to the surface in aluminum forgings and castings?

A

Dye penetrant inspection and eddy current inspection.

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36
Q

To detect a minute crack using dye penetrant inspection usually requires what?

A

A longer than normal penetrating time.

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37
Q

Which of the following is a main determinant of the dwell time to use when conducting a dye or fluorescent penetrant inspection?

A

The size and shape of the discontinuities being looked for.

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38
Q

When checking an item with the magnetic particle inspection method, circular and longitudinal magnetization should be used to what?

A

Reveal all possible defects.

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39
Q

In magnetic particle inspection, a flaw that is perpendicular to the magnetic field flux lines generally causes what?

A

A large disruption in the magnetic field.

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40
Q

If dye penetrant inspection indications are not sharp and clear, the most probable cause is that the part what?

A

Was not thoroughly washed before the developer was applied.

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41
Q

(1) An aircraft part may be demagnetized by subjecting it to a magnetizing force from alternating current that is gradually reduced in strength

(2) An aircraft part may be demagnetized by subjecting it to a magnetizing force from a direct current that is alternately reversed in direction and gradually reduced in strength

A

(1) True

(2) True

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42
Q

The pattern for an inclusion is magnetic particle buildup forming what?

A

Parallel lines.

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43
Q

A part which is being prepared for dye penetrant inspection should be cleaned with what?

A

A volatile petroleum-base solvent.

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44
Q

Under magnetic particle inspection, a part will be identified as having fatigue crack under which condition?

A

The discontinuity is found in a highly stressed area of the part.

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45
Q

In performing a dye penetrant inspection, the developer what?

A

Acts as a blotter to produce a visible indication.

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46
Q

What defects will be detected by magnetizing a part using continuous longitudinal magnetization with a cable?

A

Defects perpendicular to the long axis of the part.

47
Q

Circular magnetization of a part can be used to detect which defects?

A

Defects parallel to the long axis of the part.

48
Q

(1) In nondestructive testing, a discontinuity may be defined as an interruption in the normal physical structure or configuration of a part.

(2) A discontinuity may or may not affect the usefulness of a part.

A

(1) true

(2) true

49
Q

What type of corrosion may attack the grain bound-aries of aluminum alloys when the heat treatment process has been improperly accomplished?

A

Intergranular

50
Q

Which of the following describe the effects of annealing steel and aluminum alloys?

A

Decreasing internal stresses and softening of the metal.

51
Q

Which heat-treating process of metal produces a hard, wear resistant surface over a strong, tough core?

A

Case hardening

A heat treatment process for steel in which the surface is hardened to make it wear resistant, but the inside of the metal remains strong and tough.

52
Q

Which heat-treating operation would be performed when the surface of the metal is changed chemically by introducing a high carbide or nitride content?

A

Case hardening.

53
Q

Normalizing is a process of heat treating what?

A

Iron-base metals only.

54
Q

Which of the following occurs when a mechanical force such as rolling, hammering, or bending is repeatedly applied to most metals at room temperature?

A

The metals become dumb as shit and strain or work hardened or cold worked.

55
Q

The reheating of a heat treated metal, such as with a welding torch what?

A

Can significantly alter a metal’s properties in the reheated area.

56
Q

Why is steel tempered after being hardened?

A

To relieve its internal stresses and reduce it brittleness.

57
Q

What aluminum alloy designations indicate that the metal has received no hardening or tempering treatment?

A

3003-F

58
Q

Which material cannot be heat treated repeatedly without harmful effects?

A

Clad aluminum alloy.

59
Q

What is descriptive of the annealing process of steel during and after it has been annealed?

A

Slow cooling; low strength.

60
Q

Torque values for aircraft bolts normally consider what?

A

The threads to be clean and dry.

61
Q

What is generally used in the construction of aircraft exhaust collectors, stacks, and manifolds?

A

Stainless steel.

62
Q

What metal has special short-time heat properties and is used in the construction of aircraft firewalls?

A

Titanium alloy.

63
Q

Unless otherwise specified or required, aircraft bolts should be installed so that the bolthead is what?

A

Upward, or in a forward direction.

64
Q

Alclad is a metal consisting of what?

A

Pure aluminum surface layers on an aluminum alloy core.

65
Q

A fiber-type, self-locking nut must never be used on an aircraft if the bolt is what?

A

Subject to rotation.

66
Q

Self-locking nuts may be used on aircraft provided that what?

A

The bolt or nut is not subject to rotation.

67
Q

The society of automotive engineers (SAE) and the American Iron and Steel Institute use a numerical index system to identify the composition of various steels. In the number “4130” designating chromium molybdenium steel, the first digit indicates the what?

A

Basic alloying element.

68
Q
  1. (Refer to Figure 42) Which of the bolthead code markings shown identifies an AN corrosion resistant steel?
A

3

69
Q

Aircraft bolts with a cross or asterisk marked on the bolthead are what?

A

Standard steel bolts.

70
Q

Which statement regarding aircraft bolts is correct?

A

In general, bolt grip lengths should equal the material thickness.

71
Q

Generally speaking, bolt grip lengths should be what?

A

Equal to the thickness of the material which is fastened together.

72
Q

When the specific torque value for nuts is not given, where can the recommended torque value be found?

A

AC 43. 13-1B

73
Q

8267 (Refer to figure 43) Identify the clevis bolt illustrated.

A

3

74
Q

A particular component is attached to the aircraft structure by the use of an aircraft bolt and a castle tension nut combination. If the cotter pin hole does not align within the recommended torque range, the acceptable practice is to what?

A

Change washers and try again.

75
Q

A bolt with a single raised dash on the head is classified as an what?

A

AN corrosion-resistant steel bolt.

76
Q

How is a clevis bolt used with a fork-end cable terminal secured?

A

With a shear nut tightened to a snug fit, but with no strain imposed on the fork and safetied with a cotter pin.

77
Q

Where is an AN clevis bolt used in an airplane?

A

Only for shear load applications.

78
Q

A bolt with an X inside a triangle on the head is classified as an what?

A

NAS close tolerance bolt.

79
Q

The core material of Alclard 2024-T4 is what?

A

Heat-treated aluminum alloy, and the surface material is commercially pure aluminum.

80
Q

The aluminum code number 1100 identifies what type of alluminum?

A

99 percent commercially pure aluminum.

81
Q

Aircraft bolts are usually manufactured with a what?

A

Class 3 fit for threads.

82
Q

In the four digit aluminum index system number 2024, the first digit indicates what?

A

The major alloying element.

83
Q

How is the locking feature of the fiber-type locknut obtained?

A

By the use of an unthreaded fiber locking insert.

84
Q

Why should an aircraft maintenance technician be familiar with weld nomenclature?

A

In order to gain familiarity with the welding technique, filler material, and temperature range used.

85
Q

8278 (Refer to figure 44.) Identify the weld caused by an excessive amount of acetylene.

A

3

86
Q

8279 (Refer to figure 44) Select the illustration which depicts a cold weld.

A

2

87
Q

Why is it considered good practice to normalize a part after welding?

A

To relieve internal stresses developed within the base metal.

88
Q

Holes and a few projecting globules are found in a weld. What action should be taken?

A

Remove all the old weld, and reweld the joint.

89
Q

Which condition indicates a part has cooled too quickly after being welded?

A

Cracking adjacent to the weld.

90
Q

Select a characteristic of a good gas weld.

A

The weld should taper off smoothly into the base metal.

91
Q

One characteristic of a good weld is that no oxide should be formed on the base metal at a distance from the weld of more than what?

A

1/2 inch

92
Q

In examining and evaluating a welded joint, a mechanic should be familiar with what?

A

Likely ambient exposure conditions and intended use of the part, along with type of weld and original part material composition.

93
Q

8285 (Refer to figure 45) What type of weld is shown at A?

A

A single butt weld.

94
Q

8286 (Refer to figure 45) What type of weld is shown at B?

A

A double butt weld.

95
Q

8287 (Refer to figure 45) What type of weld is shown at G?

A

Lap welds.

96
Q

On a fillet weld, the penetration requirement includes what percentage(s) of the base metal thickness?

A

25 to 50 percent.

97
Q

Which tool can be used to measure the alignment of a rotor shaft or the plane of rotation of a disk?

A

Dial indicator.

98
Q

8290 (Refer to figure 46) The measurement reading on the illustrated micrometer is what?

A

0.2851

99
Q

Identify the correct statement.

A

Dividers do not provide a reading when used as a measuring device.

100
Q

8292 (Refer to figure 47) What is the measurement reading on the vernier caliper scale?

A

1.436

101
Q

Which tool is used to measure the clearance between a surface plate and a relatively narrow surface being checked for flatness?

A

Thickness gauge.

102
Q

Which number represents the vernier scale graduation of a micrometer?

A

0.0001

103
Q

Which tool is used to find the center of a shaft or other cylindrical work?

A

Combination set.

104
Q

8296 (Refer to figure 48) What does the micrometer read?

A

.3004

105
Q

If it is necessary to accurately measure the diameter of a hole approximately 1/4 inch in diameter, the mechanic should use a what?

A

Small hole gauge and determine the size of the hole by taking a micrometer reading of the ball end of the gauge.

106
Q

8298 (Refer to figure 49) The measurement reading on the micrometer is what?

A

0.2792

107
Q

What tool is generally used to set a divider to an exact dimension?

A

Machinist scale

108
Q

What tool is generally used to calibrate a micrometer or check its accuracy?

A

Gauge block

109
Q

What precision measuring tool is used for measuring crankpin and main bearing journals for out of round wear?

A

Micrometer caliper.

110
Q

The side clearances of piston rings are measured with a what?

A

Thickness gauge.

111
Q

How can the dimensional inspection of a bearing in a rocker arm be accomplished?

A

Telescopic gauge and micrometer

112
Q

The twist of a connecting rod is checked by installing push-fit arbors in both ends, supported by parallel steel bars on a surface plate. Measurements are taken between the arbor and the parallel bar with a what?

A

Thickness gauge

113
Q

What may be used to check the stem on a poppet-type valve for stretch?

A

Micrometer

114
Q

Which tool can be used to determine piston pin out-of-round wear?

A

Micrometer caliper.

A&P General (18 decks)

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