Stress and Health Flashcards
Closely associated with the release of oxytocin (social bonding hormone)
Tend and befriend
Area of the brain associated with determining if a stimulus is a threat
Amygdala
An alternative to fight or flight as a response to stressors that may be more characteristic of females
Tend and befriend
Highly competitive, gets angry and agitated easily, can be hostile to others. More susceptible to heart disease
Type A personality
What does exercise improve?
Cognitive performance, psychological and cardiovascular health, immune functioning, etc
Factors leading to reduced chances of quitting smoking
67% if spouse smokes
25% if sibling smokes
35% if friend or coworker smokes
More laid back, mellow, and chill
Type B personality
Environment plays a significant role in whether and when a particular gene is expressed
Epigenetics
What happens in the body in stressful situations?
Inc heart rate, bp, respiration. Stop nonessential body functions
Area of the brain associated with responding to a stimulus. Fight or flight
Hypothalamus
What leads to a greater risk for alcohol dependence later in life?
Age of first drink and genetic predisposition to alcohol dependence
Hans Selye’s three stage model for how organisms respond to stress
General adaptation system. Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Repeated use despite adverse consequences
Abuse
Model that sees health as the result of biological, psychological, and social factors
Biopsychosocial model
Cohen’s1991 cold study
As stress inc, the likelihood of getting a cold inc. Had to have exposure to cold tho
A circuit that responds to perceived stressors by initiating the release of cortisol into the blood stream. Slower to develop and longer stress response
HPA axis
Health disparates based on race and ethnicity
Minorities have less access to health services, less likely to receive care, poorer quality of care, underrepresented in health research
Chronic vs acute stress
Chronic lasts for a long time and acute is done and over with quickly
Area of the brain associated with seeing a stimulus and apprising the stimulus
Thalamus
Stress response targeting the negative emotions arising from the situation
Emotion focused coping
Stress response designed to maintain and protect social relationships
Relationship focused coping
What can each type of coping be?
Positive or negative
A circuit that responds to perceived stressors by initiating the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream. Immediate short loved fight or flight responses to stress
SAM system
Stress affects people differently depending on whether they have the long or short alleles of serotonin transporter gene
Depression
Positive vs negative stress
Positive = weddings, holidays, etc Negative = tests, traffic, etc
Alcohol abuse combined with tolerance withdrawal and a compulsive urge to drink more
Dependence
Short term vs chronic stress effects
Short term is beneficial and chronic is harmful
Stage 3: Exhaustion
Severe and prolonged stressor leads to exhaustion. Strength and energy drop low. Resources depleted. Heath and judgement can be compromised
Stage 2: Resistance
Prolonged stressor leads to resistance. Balance both arousal and resting functions simultaneously
Stress response designed to address specific problems by finding solutions
Problem focused coping
What individuals are at higher risk for alcohol abuse?
Socially anxious
Most preventable cause of death in US
Smoking
White blood cells that are products of the immune system. Suppressed by stress hormones (cortisol, NE, epinephrine)
Lymphocyte
Stage 1: Alarm
Stressor is perceived and alarm rxn is initiated. Fight or flight response from autonomic nervous system. All resources deployed to survey the danger and all nonessential systems inhibited
We make appraisals of potential stressors to determine if they are a threat
Cognitive appraisal models of stress
Index of income, occupation, and education
SES
How long is cortisol released and how is it regulated?
Several hours following a stressors. Regulated by a feedback loop
