Stress and Health

Question 1

Closely associated with the release of oxytocin (social bonding hormone)

Answer 1

Tend and befriend

Question 2

Area of the brain associated with determining if a stimulus is a threat

Answer 2

Amygdala

Question 3

An alternative to fight or flight as a response to stressors that may be more characteristic of females

Answer 3

Tend and befriend

Question 4

Highly competitive, gets angry and agitated easily, can be hostile to others. More susceptible to heart disease

Answer 4

Type A personality

Question 5

What does exercise improve?

Answer 5

Cognitive performance, psychological and cardiovascular health, immune functioning, etc

Question 6

Factors leading to reduced chances of quitting smoking

Answer 6

67% if spouse smokes
25% if sibling smokes
35% if friend or coworker smokes

Question 7

More laid back, mellow, and chill

Answer 7

Type B personality

Question 8

Environment plays a significant role in whether and when a particular gene is expressed

Answer 8

Epigenetics

Question 9

What happens in the body in stressful situations?

Answer 9

Inc heart rate, bp, respiration. Stop nonessential body functions

Question 10

Area of the brain associated with responding to a stimulus. Fight or flight

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

What leads to a greater risk for alcohol dependence later in life?

Answer 11

Age of first drink and genetic predisposition to alcohol dependence

Question 12

Hans Selye’s three stage model for how organisms respond to stress

Answer 12

General adaptation system. Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 13

Repeated use despite adverse consequences

Answer 13

Abuse

Question 14

Model that sees health as the result of biological, psychological, and social factors

Answer 14

Biopsychosocial model

Question 15

Cohen’s1991 cold study

Answer 15

As stress inc, the likelihood of getting a cold inc. Had to have exposure to cold tho

Question 16

A circuit that responds to perceived stressors by initiating the release of cortisol into the blood stream. Slower to develop and longer stress response

Answer 16

HPA axis

Question 17

Health disparates based on race and ethnicity

Answer 17

Minorities have less access to health services, less likely to receive care, poorer quality of care, underrepresented in health research

Question 18

Chronic vs acute stress

Answer 18

Chronic lasts for a long time and acute is done and over with quickly

Question 19

Area of the brain associated with seeing a stimulus and apprising the stimulus

Answer 19

Thalamus

Question 20

Stress response targeting the negative emotions arising from the situation

Answer 20

Emotion focused coping

Question 21

Stress response designed to maintain and protect social relationships

Answer 21

Relationship focused coping

Question 22

What can each type of coping be?

Answer 22

Positive or negative

Question 23

A circuit that responds to perceived stressors by initiating the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream. Immediate short loved fight or flight responses to stress

Answer 23

SAM system

Question 24

Stress affects people differently depending on whether they have the long or short alleles of serotonin transporter gene

Answer 24

Depression

Question 25

Positive vs negative stress

Answer 25

``` Positive = weddings, holidays, etc Negative = tests, traffic, etc ```

Question 26

Alcohol abuse combined with tolerance withdrawal and a compulsive urge to drink more

Answer 26

Dependence

Question 27

Short term vs chronic stress effects

Answer 27

Short term is beneficial and chronic is harmful

Question 28

Stage 3: Exhaustion

Answer 28

Severe and prolonged stressor leads to exhaustion. Strength and energy drop low. Resources depleted. Heath and judgement can be compromised

Question 29

Stage 2: Resistance

Answer 29

Prolonged stressor leads to resistance. Balance both arousal and resting functions simultaneously

Question 30

Stress response designed to address specific problems by finding solutions

Answer 30

Problem focused coping

Question 31

What individuals are at higher risk for alcohol abuse?

Answer 31

Socially anxious

Question 32

Most preventable cause of death in US

Answer 32

Smoking

Question 33

White blood cells that are products of the immune system. Suppressed by stress hormones (cortisol, NE, epinephrine)

Answer 33

Lymphocyte

Question 34

Stage 1: Alarm

Answer 34

Stressor is perceived and alarm rxn is initiated. Fight or flight response from autonomic nervous system. All resources deployed to survey the danger and all nonessential systems inhibited

Question 35

We make appraisals of potential stressors to determine if they are a threat

Answer 35

Cognitive appraisal models of stress

Question 36

Index of income, occupation, and education

Answer 36

SES

Question 37

How long is cortisol released and how is it regulated?

Answer 37

Several hours following a stressors. Regulated by a feedback loop