Research Methods

Question 1

What is a case study?

Answer 1

In depth analysis of one person or a small number of people

Question 2

Correlation methods

Answer 2

Measure direction and strength of the relationship between two variable

Question 3

An experiment design for assessing age-related changes in which data are obtained simultaneously from people of differing ages

Answer 3

Cross-sectional study

Question 4

What is peer review?

Answer 4

The process through which research is scrutinized by other scientists

Question 5

Allow researchers to extend conclusions from samples to populations

Answer 5

Inferential statistics

Question 6

Variance

Answer 6

standard deviation and normal curve

Question 7

Extend conclusions to larger populations outside your research sample

Answer 7

generalizations

Question 8

Standard for deciding whether the observed result is due to chance

Answer 8

statistical significance

Question 9

What you think is happening

Answer 9

alternative hypothesis

Question 10

Science as a process

Answer 10

Develop a theory, generate a hypothesis, evaluate the hypothesis

Question 11

Case study adv and disadv

Answer 11

Adv: can study rare conditions/unique characteristics
Disadv: hard to generalize population

Question 12

Demonstrates the effects of the independent variable

Answer 12

Dependent variable

Question 13

Survey adv and disadv

Answer 13

Adv: Quick, inexpensive, can gather large sample sizes
Disadv: self report can’t be trusted, sample bias, demand characteristics

Question 14

Consistency of a measure

Answer 14

Reliability (precision)

Question 15

What is naturalistic observation?

Answer 15

Study of phenomenon in its natural setting

Question 16

Variables that are irrelevant to the hypothesis being tested but can alter a researchers conclusions

Answer 16

Confounding variable

Question 17

Combines cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches by observing a cross-section of participants over a shorter period than is used typically in longitudinal studies

Answer 17

Mixed longitudinal design

Question 18

What is replication?

Answer 18

Repeating an experiment and producing the same results

Question 19

A method of learning about reality through systematic observation and experimentation

Answer 19

Science

Question 20

Each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to either group

Answer 20

Random assignment

Question 21

Naturalistic observation adv and disadv

Answer 21

Adv: can observe individuals in their natural everyday lives
Disadv: people may act differently when they’re being observed

Question 22

What is a theory?

Answer 22

Sets of facts or relationships that can be used to explain and predict phenomena

Question 23

Not exposed to independent variable

Answer 23

Control group

Question 24

Exposed to independent variable

Answer 24

Experimental group

Question 25

Not a difference

Answer 25

Null hypothesis

Question 26

An experiment design for assessing age related changes in which data are obtained from the same individuals at intervals over a long period of time

Answer 26

Longitudinal study

Question 27

How tightly clustered the scores are around this central number. Lower the more clustered it is

Answer 27

standard deviation

Question 28

Variable not responsible for a correlation observed between two other variables of interest

Answer 28

Third variable

Question 29

Organize your data into more meaningful patterns and summaries

Answer 29

Descriptive statistics. Mean, median, mode

Question 30

The entire group of interest

Answer 30

Population

Question 31

What is survey?

Answer 31

Useful when you want to collect a large amount of data fairly quickly

Question 32

People growing up different. Like young people using tech more

Answer 32

Cohort effect

Question 33

Frequency distribution in which most measures are concentrated around the middle

Answer 33

normal curve

Question 34

Quality of a measure

Answer 34

Validity (accuracy)

Question 35

Controlled and manipulated by the experimenter

Answer 35

Independent variable

Question 36

Three descriptive methods

Answer 36

Case study, naturalistic observation, and survey

Question 37

A subset of the population being studied

Answer 37

Sample

Question 38

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 38

Proposed explanation for a phenomenon