Learning Flashcards
Involves changes in the magnitude of responses to a stimulus
Non associative learning
A learned ability to distinguish between different stimuli
Discrimination
What does punishment need to be effective?
Significance, immediacy, and consistency
A response to an unconditioned stimulus that requires no previous experience
Unconditioned response
A type of learning in which associations are formed between behaviors and their outcomes
Operant conditioning
An environmental event whose significance is learned through classical conditioning
Conditioned stimulus
Types of non associative learning
Habituation, sensitization
A system where tokens that can be exchanged for other reinforcers are used to inc the freq of desirable behaviors
Token economics
Occurs if the association between the CS and UCS is broken
Extinction
Decreases a behavior
Punishment
A schedule in which the first response following a set time interval is reinforced
Fixed interval
Stimuli that are similar to the original CS also elicit the CR
Generalization
Conditioned reinforcers
Only gain value by being associated with other things that are valued
A schedule in which the first response following a variable time interval is reinforced
Variable interval
A behavior is reinforced on some occasions but not on others
Partial reinforcement
Primary reinforcers
Naturally reinforcing, play a role in survival
Increases a behavior
Reinforcement
Occurs when we form connections around stimuli and behaviors
Associative learning
Continuously exposing the individual to what they hear until they no longer respond
Flooding
A CS predicts the nonoccurence of a UCS. Dog taking food off table with nobody around but not with people around
Inhibition
Learning in which stimuli associated with a conditioned stimulus also elicit CRs
Higher order conditioning
Pairing the CS with an unpleasant UCS. Being shocked when you eat something unhealthy
Aversion therapy
A schedule in which reinforcement occurs following a set number of behaviors
Fixed ratio schedules
Reinforcement depends on the passage of time
Interval schedules
Taking away something undesirable to increase the frequency of a behavior
Negative reinforcement
Something that elicits a response wout prior experience
Unconditioned stimulus
A response learned through classical conditioning
Conditioned response
Adding something undesirable to decrease the frequency of behavior
Positive punishment
Increases our reactions to many stimuli following exposure to one strong stimulus
Sensitization
The slower learning that occurs when a CS is already familiar compared to when the CS is unfamiliar
Latent inhibition
Individual relaxes while the feared stimulus is gradually introduced
Systematic desensitization
Proximity in time between the CS and UCS
Contiguity
Correlation between the CS and UCS
Contingency
A schedule in which reinforcement occurs following a variable number of behaviors
Variable ratio schedules
The reappearance of the CR following periods of rest between sessions of extinction training
Spontaneous recovery
Conditioning a target behavior by progressively reinforcing behaviors that come closer and closet to the target
Shaping (method of successive approximations)
Reduces our reactions to repeated experiences that are unchaining and harmless
Habituation
Little Albert
Conditioned to fear furry animals bc of a loud bang associated with them
Learning that takes place by watching others
Observational learning
Taking away something desirable to decrease the frequency of behavior
Negative punishment
A type of learning in which associations are formed between two stimuli that occur sequentially
Classical conditioning
A behavior is reinforced every time it occurs
continuous reinforcement
Adding something desirable to inc frequency of behavior
Positive reinforcement
The development of a learned response. Requires contiguity and contingency
Acquisition
Reinforcement depends on the number of times a behavior occurs
Ratio schedules
