Neuroscience and Behavior Flashcards
How are the two hemispheres of the brain connected?
Corpus callosum
What does damage to the occipital lobe cause?
Partial or complete blindness even if eyes are fine
Return to normal resting state. Rest and digest
Parasympathetic nervous system
Impacts production of speech but not comprehension
Broca’s aphasia
What does the occipital lobe do?
Processes visual info
What does the hypothalamus do?
Feeding, fighting, fleeing, fornication. Homeostasis (regulation of body functions)
What does the thalamus do?
Gateway to the cortex; info must move through it to get to cortex; it decides what goes on to the cortex. Sensation, memory, and states of consciousness (helps us sleep)
What does the parietal lobe do?
Processes info about touch, pain, body position, skin temp
What does damage to Wernicke’s area cause?
Can’t comprehend speech and your ability to produce speech is hindered; you say sentences that don’t make sense
Transmits commands for voluntary movement from the CNS to the muscles
somatic nervous system
What does the midbrain do?
Involved in sensory reflexes, movement, and pain
What parts of the brain are in the hindbrain?
Medulla, reticular formation, cerebellum, and pons
Produces melatonin, maintenance of sleep-wake cycles
pineal gland
What area is in the temporal lobe?
Wernicke’s area
Study state of arousal of neurons
EEG
4 lobes
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
what do the nucleus accumbens do?
Reward and pleasure center and addiction
What does the cerebellum do?
Balance and motor coordination. One of first to be affected by alcohol
What does the hindbrain do?
Involved in basic functions of the body
What does the pons do?
Connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. Sleep, arousal, and facial expressions. Bridges higher and lower portions of brain
What does the cingulate cortex do?
Involved in almost everything. Anterior - decision making, emotion, anticipation, reward, empathy
Posterior - memory and visual processing
Prepare for action. Fight or flight
sympathetic nervous system
Body’s master gland, growth hormones
pituitary gland
What does the amygdala do?
Emotional processing. Identifying, remembering, and responding to fear and aggression
What two structure groups make up the forebrain?
Subcortical and cerebral cortex
What does the medulla do?
Involved in vital functions like heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, coughing, vomiting, etc.
Study what parts of the brain are active during a certain task
fMRI
What is the cingulate cortex?
Fold of tissue on inner surface of cerebral hemisphere
What does the frontal lobe do?
Abstract thinking, planning, judgement, reasoning, problem solving
What does the primary motor cortex do?
Controls voluntary movement
Controls body’s metabolism, activates adrenal glands
thyroid gland
What does Wernicke’s area do?
Speech comprehension
Release of hormones into blood, made of glands, involved with arousal metabolism, growth, sex
endocrine system
What does the basal ganglia do?
Involved with voluntary movement. Involved in Parkinson’s, ADHD, and OCD
Three parts of autonomic nervous system
sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric
What is in the frontal lobe?
Primary motor cortex and Broca’s area
What does Broca’s area do?
Production of speech
Nerve cells in the lining of the gastrointestinal system. Gastrointestinal pain, hunger, satiety (fullness), interacts with the endocrine system. Tells the brain how you’re feeling
Enteric nervous system
What does the reticular formation do?
Control of mood, arousal, and sleep. Why we don’t respond during sleep but do when awake
What is the cerebral cortex?
Outermost layer of the brain visible to the naked eye and divided into two parts
What does the hippocampus do?
Formation of long term memories and spatial information processing
Carries involuntary and automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs, and glands
autonomic nervous system
Left hem controls right side and right hem controls left side
Lateralization
What is the forebrain involved in?
Highest level of the brain that controls complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor functions
What are the subcortical structures?
Thalamus, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens
What happens when your left or right hem is damaged? What type of lobe damage?
You stop taking in info from the opposite side of the body. Parietal lobe damage
Studying behavior before and after brain damage
lesion studies
