Memory

Question 1

Elaborative processing/rehearsal

Answer 1

Linking info with things already known

Question 2

Active manipulation. Multiple processes simultaneously

Answer 2

Working memory

Question 3

Used to process touch and other body senses. Everything beside visual and acoustic codes

Answer 3

Haptic codes

Question 4

Holds unlimited amount of info for an unlimited amount of time

Answer 4

Long term memory

Question 5

Effects of LTP

Answer 5

Sending and receiving info in the brain becomes more efficient possibly due to strength/duration of LTM

Question 6

Combining small bits of info into larger clusters. Short term memory tool

Answer 6

Chunking

Question 7

An especially vivid and detailed memory of an emotional event. Occurs when stress accompanies learning

Answer 7

Flashbulb memory

Question 8

The enhancement of communication between two neurons resulting from their synchronous activation. Neurons that fire together wire together

Answer 8

Long term potentiation

Question 9

Recency effect

Answer 9

Superior recall for the last times on a list. Working memory bc just saw/heard things at the end

Question 10

ACh in memory

Answer 10

Important for encoding new info. Alzheimer’s. Medications for Alzheimer’s try to boost ACh

Question 11

Primacy effect

Answer 11

Superior recall for the first items on a list. More time to make it to LTM

Question 12

Includes semantic or episodic memories that reference the self. Like knowing what hospital you were born at

Answer 12

Autobiographical memory

Question 13

Short term memory capacity

Answer 13

7 +or- 2 (5-9)

Question 14

Gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice, or knowing how to do things. Like walking or typing. Helps us automate

Answer 14

procedural memory

Question 15

Rebuilding a memory out of stored elements. A real memory but changed a little

Answer 15

Reconstruction

Question 16

Memory for personal experiences. Experienced first hand

Answer 16

Episodic memory

Question 17

Remembering when, where, and how a memory was acquired. Can produce false memories when attributed to wrong source

Answer 17

Source monitoring

Question 18

Iconic memories. Represent visual images (seeing)

Answer 18

Visual codes

Question 19

Passive storage. Single process at a time

Answer 19

Short term memory

Question 20

A connectionist theory proposing that people organize general knowledge based on their individual experiences. Concepts activate closely related concepts

Answer 20

Spreading activation model

Question 21

Retrieval from STM

Answer 21

We search through one item at a time rather than retrieving its contents all at once

Question 22

Consciously retrieved memory that is easy to verbalize. Knowing that

Answer 22

Declarative memory

Question 23

An extension of the concept of short term memory that includes the active manipulation of multiple types of info simultaneously

Answer 23

Working memory

Question 24

Glutamates role in memory

Answer 24

Involved in memory formation

Question 25

Unconscious, effortlessly retrieval memory that is difficult to verbalize. Knowing how

Answer 25

Nondeclarative memory

Question 26

Tools for improving memory

Answer 26

Distributed practice, take tests, blocking vs interweaving (focus on one topic or combine topics), recite, sleep, mnemonics

Question 27

Associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world. Provides us with an objective understanding of our world

Answer 27

Semantic memory

Question 28

Deep processing

Answer 28

Based on actual meaning associated with word. Elaborative processing/rehearsal. Linking info with things already known

Question 29

A process in which memories incorporate unique combinations of info when encoded. Chewing gum while studying

Answer 29

Encoding specificity

Question 30

The recovery of stored info. Pulling memories out of the brain

Answer 30

Retrieval

Question 31

Three types of memory in Atkinson-Shiffrin model

Answer 31

Sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory

Question 32

Superior memory of autobiographical memory

Answer 32

Hyperthymesia

Question 33

The likelihood that an item on a word list will be remembered depends on its position in the list

Answer 33

Serial position effect. Better at beginning and end

Question 34

Later learning impairs memory for info acquired earlier. New info wins

Answer 34

Retroactive interference

Question 35

The retention of info. Putting info into the brain

Answer 35

Storage

Question 36

The phenomenon of not being able to fully retrieve a word you are looking for but to have some partial recall

Answer 36

Tip of the tongue

Question 37

Three types of declarative memory

Answer 37

Semantic, episodic, and autobiographical

Question 38

A set of expectations about objects and situations

Answer 38

Schema

Question 39

Two types of non declarative memory

Answer 39

Procedural memory and priming

Question 40

Confusion between real and imagined memories

Answer 40

Confabulation

Question 41

Change in a response to a stimulus as a result of exposure to a previous stimulus. Being shown a queen and being asked to say a word starting with k and saying king

Answer 41

Priming

Question 42

Levels of processing theory

Answer 42

More likely to recall info processed on a deep level

Question 43

Holds large amounts of incoming data fro brief amounts of time (a second or less)

Answer 43

Sensory memory

Question 44

The transformation of info from one form to another. Turing info into something the brain can make sense of

Answer 44

Encoding

Question 45

Earlier learning impairs memory for info acquired later. Old info wins

Answer 45

Proactive interference

Question 46

Any stimulus that helps you access target info. Helps trigger your memory

Answer 46

Cue

Question 47

Shallow processing

Answer 47

Based on auditory or visual levels, sound, structure, or appearance of a word. Maintenance rehearsal. Memorization

Question 48

Declarative memory brain location

Answer 48

Cerebral cortex (lobes)

Question 49

Echoic memories. Represent sounds and words (hearing)

Answer 49

Acoustic memories

Question 50

How can the duration of short term memory be improved?

Answer 50

Rehearsal

Question 51

Holds a small amount of info for a limited time (30 seconds at most)

Answer 51

Short term memory

Question 52

Nondeclarative memory brain location

Answer 52

Basal ganglia

Question 53

Patient HM

Answer 53

Hippocampi removed. Could not form new declarative memories. Still had non declarative memories and could form new ones

Question 54

Failure to retrieve unpleasant or threatening info. Will yourself to forget

Answer 54

Motivated forgetting