stress and disease Flashcards
what is stress
Perceived or anticipated threat that disrupts a person’s wellbeing or homeostasis
stress is caused by—
stressors
homeostasis is
a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly
allostasis
is the state of achieving new homeostasis due to a stressor
allostatic overload
Is when the stressor is significant and the body fails to reach a new equilibrium
What are the stress systems
- Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal
- sympathetic nervous system
- Immune system
hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal
hypothalamus secretes– corticotropin hormone
pituitary secretes– adrenocorticotropin hormone
adrenal gland– cortisol
What does the acute release of cortisol do to the body
- regulates sleep, mood, growth and reproduction, cognition, arousal, and cardiovascular tone
- increases blood sugar level or stimulates glucogenesis
- increases powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent
Chronic release of cortisol release leads to
- sleep deprivation, obesity, type 2 diabetics, hypertension, less bone density
- cognitive impairment and emotional disorder
- gastric ulcers
Sympathetic nervous system activates the releasing of —–
Catecholamines which are norepinephrine and epinephrine
What are the effects of catecholamines
- stimulates alpha and beta androgenic receptors
- regulates the skeletal, cardiovascular, hepatic, immune system and pulmonary systems
-increases proinflammatory cytokine production
chronic release of norepinephrine causes
- stroke
-plaque formation in the blood vessels
-sickness syndrome
the immune system activates
- responds to stress
- alert other signals about the stress
- stress can either suppress or enhance immune cell function by stimulating endogenous opiate
Chronic stress may cause
- immune degranulation
- decrease natural killers and T-cytotoxic
- increase tumor growth and metastasis of tumor
- burnout
- chronic inflammatory responses include
- cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetics, osteoporosis, COPD, and arthritis
What are the effects of telomeres
increases cell death and causes early death
telomers—
Are genetic caps at the end of chromosomes that stop proliferation and protect genetic information
coping is —-
is the process of managing stressful challenges
Coping can be
- adaptive: cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage stressful conditions like exercise and mindfulness
- maladaptive: increases health deterioration
general adaptive syndrome
- alarm stage
- resistance ( adaption stage)
- exhaustion stage ( allostatic overload)
