stress and disease

Question 1

what is stress

Answer 1

Perceived or anticipated threat that disrupts a person’s wellbeing or homeostasis

Question 2

stress is caused by—

Answer 2

stressors

Question 3

homeostasis is

Answer 3

a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly

Question 4

allostasis

Answer 4

is the state of achieving new homeostasis due to a stressor

Question 5

allostatic overload

Answer 5

Is when the stressor is significant and the body fails to reach a new equilibrium

Question 6

What are the stress systems

Answer 6

1. Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal
2. sympathetic nervous system
3. Immune system

Question 7

hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal

Answer 7

hypothalamus secretes– corticotropin hormone
pituitary secretes– adrenocorticotropin hormone
adrenal gland– cortisol

Question 8

What does the acute release of cortisol do to the body

Answer 8

• regulates sleep, mood, growth and reproduction, cognition, arousal, and cardiovascular tone
• increases blood sugar level or stimulates glucogenesis
• increases powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent

Question 9

Chronic release of cortisol release leads to

Answer 9

• sleep deprivation, obesity, type 2 diabetics, hypertension, less bone density
• cognitive impairment and emotional disorder
• gastric ulcers

Question 10

Sympathetic nervous system activates the releasing of —–

Answer 10

Catecholamines which are norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 11

What are the effects of catecholamines

Answer 11

• stimulates alpha and beta androgenic receptors
• regulates the skeletal, cardiovascular, hepatic, immune system and pulmonary systems
  -increases proinflammatory cytokine production

Question 12

chronic release of norepinephrine causes

Answer 12

• stroke
  -plaque formation in the blood vessels
  -sickness syndrome

Question 13

the immune system activates

Answer 13

• responds to stress
• alert other signals about the stress
• stress can either suppress or enhance immune cell function by stimulating endogenous opiate

Question 14

Chronic stress may cause

Answer 14

• immune degranulation
• decrease natural killers and T-cytotoxic
• increase tumor growth and metastasis of tumor
• burnout
• chronic inflammatory responses include
  - cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetics, osteoporosis, COPD, and arthritis

Question 15

What are the effects of telomeres

Answer 15

increases cell death and causes early death

Question 16

telomers—

Answer 16

Are genetic caps at the end of chromosomes that stop proliferation and protect genetic information

Question 17

coping is —-

Answer 17

is the process of managing stressful challenges

Question 18

Coping can be

Answer 18

1. adaptive: cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage stressful conditions like exercise and mindfulness
2. maladaptive: increases health deterioration

Question 19

general adaptive syndrome

Answer 19

1. alarm stage
2. resistance ( adaption stage)
3. exhaustion stage ( allostatic overload)