Stress And Anxiety

Question 1

Define anxiety

Answer 1

A negative emotional state caused by a situation which is threatening.

(Dependant on performers perception of situation)

Question 2

6 types of anxiety

Answer 2

1) Somatic Anxiety
2) Cognitive Anxiety
3) Trait Anxiety
4) State Anxiety
5) Competitive State Anxiety
6) Competitive Trait Anxiety

Question 3

2 types of stress

Answer 3

1) Eustress- positive and gives you a feeling of fulfilment and arousal. Increases focus, attention and skill level. Some athletes need and seek this.
2) Distress- negative form. In extreme cases can cause anxiety and apprehension. Tends to be detrimental to performance.

Question 4

Somatic Anxiety

Answer 4

Physiological response of performer e.g sweating, nausea

Reduces when event starts

Question 5

Cognitive Anxiety

Answer 5

Psychological response and doubts/worries of performer in their ability. E.g negative thoughts

Experienced prior to event (days)

Question 6

Trait Anxiety

Answer 6

Trait in individual which measured potential to react with apprehension. Genetically inherited. Person who becomes anxious in non threatening situations have high trait (A-Trait)

Question 7

State Anxiety

Answer 7

Anxiety felt in a particular situation or time. Cognitive and somatic

Question 8

Competative trait anxiety

Answer 8

Tendency to see competative situations as threatening.

Question 9

Competative state anxiety

Answer 9

Anxiety in a specific competative sporting situation

Question 10

Effects of somatic and cognitive on performance

Answer 10

Somatic- inverted u relationship

Cognitive - negative linear relationship

Question 11

Before competition somatic and cognitive

Answer 11

Cognitive- increase a week before. Once comp starts either increases if bad starts or decreases if good start

Somatic- sharp increase few hours before and there is a sharp decrease once competition starts.

Question 12

Response to stress

Answer 12

1) Alarm reaction stage- ‘fight or flight’ - sympathetic nervous system activated and ⬆️HR, BP, blood sugar and adrenaline
2) Resistance stage- homeostasis regained

If stress continues:

3)Exhaustion/collapse stage - adrenal Cortex fails after continued stress - High BP, ulcers, extreme=death

Question 13

Ways to control cognitive anxiety

Answer 13

Imagery/Visualisation/Mental Rehersal

Positive self talk

Goal Setting

Question 14

Ways to control somatic anxiety

Answer 14

Muscle relaxation

Breathing/Centring

Biofeedback