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Sport Psych > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is motivation

A

The internal mechanisms and external stimuli which arouse and direct our behaviour.

  • the desire to succeed/achieve
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2
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

The motivation from within a performer (inner drive)

Shows as feelings of pride and satisfaction

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3
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

From an outside source

Can be tangible or intangible

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4
Q

Examples of tangible rewards

A 
Trophies
Medals
Certificates
Money
Badges
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5
Q

Examples of intangible rewards

A 
Praise/encouragement from coach
Smile
Applause from crowd
Pat of back
Approval
Social status
Positive comments
Beating a PB
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6
Q

Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

A

External rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation

Overuse of extrinsic can lead to loss in value/inscentive

Extrinsic causes pressure and can lead to cheating

Intrinsic is stronger and longer-lasting

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7
Q

4 motives for sport

A

1) Physical well-being
2) psychological well-being
3) Improvement of performance
4) Assertive achievement (accomplishing personal goals)

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8
Q

Age and gender on motivation

A

Older people motivated more than younger by psychological well-being.
Males more motivated by assertive achievement than females.

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9
Q

Ways of maintaining intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

A 
Rewards from early age
Make activity fun and enjoyable
Point out health benefits
Break skill into parts to allow more success
Point out role models
Make performer feel responsible for any success achieved
Set achievable goals and targets
Use positive feedback
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10
Q

Goal setting

A

Identification of what the performer is trying to achieve at a specified time in the future

They:
Direct attention(focus)
Make practice planned and structured
Ensure effort is sustained
Motivating
Provides specific evaluation& feedback
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11
Q

GOALS

A 
Give direction
Offer milestones of achievement
Adherence(stay on task)
Limit dreams -maintain focus
Success
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12
Q

Outcome Goals

A

Concerned with end result

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13
Q

Performance Goals

A

Related to behaviour/comparison with past performances

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14
Q

Process-orientated Goals

A

How to become successful

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15
Q

SMART

A 
Specific
Measurable
Agreed
Realistic
Time-phases
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16
Q

Use of LT and ST Goals

A

LT can be unrealistic/ineffective.
Set ST goals to proceed LT Goals.
Performance not outcome goals.
Not too easy or loss of motivation

17
Q

Achievement Motivation

A

An individual drive to achieve success for its own sake.

18
Q

Personality factors affecting achievement motivation

A

1) NEED TO ACHIEVE - (NACH)- person motivated to achieve for feeling of pride and satisfaction
2) NEED TO ABOID FAILURE - (NAF) - person motivated to avoid failure to not experience feelings of humiliation and shame.

19
Q

Characteristics of NACH

A 
Look for challenge
Values feedback from others
Persists longer
Enjoys evaluation 
Takes risks
High SE
20
Q

Characteristics of NAF

A 
Avoids challenge
Gives up easily
Dislikes feedback from others
Dislikes 50-50 or evaluation 
Preoccupied with failure
Low SE
Unwilling to take risks
21
Q

Situational factors on achievement motivation

A

1) task difficulty

2) incentive value of success - importance of success or failure

22
Q

NACH and NAF behaviours

A

NACH- approach

NAF- avoidance

23
Q

Competitiveness

A

NAF and NACH shown in sport as
NAF - competitive trait anxiety
NACH - competitiveness - three dimensions:
-competitiveness- desire to strive for success in sport events
-win orientation- desire to win competitive events
-goal orientation- desire to reach personal goals

Males more concerned with competitiveness and win orientation but females higher on goal orientation.

Athletes more concerned for performance tHan outcome

24
Q

3 stages of development of achievement motivation in children

A

1) Autonomous Competence Stage
2) Social Comparison stage
3) Integrated stage

25
Q

1)autonomous competence stage

A

Up to 5 years
Concerned with mastering skills and doing better than last time
Internal standards/ set own goals

26
Q

2)Social comparison stage

A

From 6 years
Comparison of self to others
External standards
Competes to satisfy own ego and beat others

27
Q

3)integrated stage

A

No fixed age

Reached when internal and external standards are used to evaluate performance.

Sport Psych (7 decks)

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