Attitudes

Question 1

What is an attitude

Answer 1

A mix of feelings, beliefs and values which predispose behaviour towards someone or something in a consistent way.

Question 2

Triadic model

Answer 2

• Cognitive component (beliefs) reflects beliefs or information you have about the object
• Affective component (feelings) positive or negative evaluation of object. Determines direction of behaviour.
• Behavioural component (Behaviour) actions towards object.

Question 3

Formation of attitudes

Answer 3

Through direct experience of other people (social learning)

Learning-almost entirely learnt
Past Experiences- success creates positive emotions
Familiarity- more familiar with activity more at ease with jt = ⬆️ performance
Conditioning- rewards strengthen attitudes
Socialisation- attitudes learnt from people we look up to via observation, imitation and modelling. Can lead to prejudice and stereotyping. More likely if observed repeated times.
Peer Groups- strongly influenced by attitudes of our peers.

Question 4

Direct measures of attitudes

Answer 4

1) Likert Scale - equal number of + as - statements. 5 point Scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree.
2) Semantic Differential Scale- each question has two opposite words and 7 points between each pair. Select point in between.
3) Thurstone Scale- how + or - attitude is. List of statement voted on 11 point scale by 50-100 judges to determine rating for each statement. Subject ticks statements they agree with.

Question 5

Problems with direct measures of attitude

Answer 5

Might put what they think they should

Don’t understand question

Not sport specific

Question 6

Indirect measures of attitudes

Answer 6

1) Physiological Tests - HR/Sweating
2) Observation or behaviour
3) Observation of non-verbal behaviour (body language)

Question 7

Methods of changing attitudes (2)

Answer 7

Persuasive Communication Theory

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 8

Persuasive Communication Theory

Answer 8

The Persuader - needs to be high status to you
The message- clear and unambiguous
The recipients- need to want to make changes (persuadable, intelligent and willing to change)
The situation- when the message is given must be suitable.

Question 9

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer 9

• change one or more of the triadic model to create Dissonance.
• makes people doubt and question their attitude - can make feel uneasy and cause change attitude
• a change in attitude means triadic model is back in line again = consonance

Question 10

How to change parts of the triadic model

Answer 10

Cognitive - update knowledge or provide new information to change this

Affective - provide with new, positive experiences.

Behavioural - skill is simplified or guidance to make execution easier

Question 11

How coach can change attitudes

Answer 11

Give player new info or new activity

Make session fun

Rewards

Bring in role model to encourage