Stress Flashcards
Describe the three stages in General adaptation syndrome as proposed by Seyle (GAS)
💡Alarm+Explain
💡Resist+Explain
💡Exhaust+ Explain
📍There’s literally nothing you cannot dooo x
- Alarm reaction: hypothalamus signals adrenal medulla to relapse adrenaline and noradrenaline to prepare the body for fight or flight
- Resistance: the body adapts to stressors and the parasympathetic nervous system is activated to conserve energetic
- Exhaustion: here body becomes depleted as resources are drained. Stress related illness now likely.
Describe the process of the Sympathomedullary pathaway (SAM) in acute stressors
💡f/f process
💡Stressor stops?
📍think before you click love x
- The adrenal medulla stimulated by the hypothalamus releases adrenaline and noradrenaline into bloodstream (heart beast faster, etc)
- Once stressor stops: parasympathetic nervous system activated and arousal decreases = rest, digest and conserve energy
Describe the process of the Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system (HPA-axis) in chronic stress
💡Hypothalamus release?
💡Pituitary release?
💡ACTH release?
📍consistency, consistency x
- Hypothalamus produces corticosteroid releasing factor (CRF)
- Detecetd by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and causes release of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
-ACTH detected by adrenal cortex which secretes cortisol
What is the role of cortisol in stress?
💡Affects?
💡Suppressive?
📍you’ve got this one x
- cortisol affects glucose metabolism (glucocorticoids)
- Has a suppressive effect when released in excess
What is a strength of the GAS?
💡Seyle + Explain
💡Dispute: Timio
📍tug this one out love x
- Seyle pwn research supports it: after subjecting rats to stressors, he found the same reaction like shrinkage of the thymus, spleen and some glands.This demonstrates the same general response regardless of the particular stressor
- However, Timio replicated Seyle’s procedure using monkeys and found tat the effects varied depending on stressor. This challenges the validity of the GAS
What is the major limitation of the General adaptation syndrome?
💡Rats+Monkeys
💡Explain
📍its in there xx
- Animal Research: stress research depends on using non-human masala’s to study for ethical reasons. However, stress is more complex in humans because it is affects by psychological factors
- Therefore, animal studies may help us understand basic physiology of stress but their application to humans is limited
Describe a strength of the Physiological explanation stress response
💡Real World v
💡Disease Explain
💡Explain
📍think harder before you click xx
- Real world value: People with Addisons (disorder of adrenal glands) disease cannot produce cortisol so in stress situations do not mobilize energy to deal with stressors
This triggers an Addisonian crisis and individuals self-administer cortisol replacement therapy. - Therefore, a better understanding of stress physiology has improved the lives of some
What is the relationship between the immune system and stress?
💡Chronic stress
💡Cortisol interference
📍you’ve got this oneee xx
- Chronic stress reduces the body’s ability to fight off antigens through immunosupresion
- this is as a result of increases levels of cortisol interfering with leukocyte activity and T cells production
Describe research supporting stress related illness
💡Janice+sample
💡Findings + Explain
📍you get backing, think harder xx
- Kiecolt Glaser: tested 75 medical studnes before the exam period (low stress) and on the first day of the exam (high stress). Students also completed questionnaires measuring psychological symptoms.
Glaser found that the activity of natural killer cells and T called decreased before between first and second. - This is evidence of an immune response suppressed by chronic stressor
Describe research supporting cardiovascular related illness
💡Kranz+Sample
💡Findings+Explain
📍consistency, consistency, consistency x
- Kranz: looked at 39 people with myocardial ischeamia (reduced blood flow to heart), exposed to low level of stressors. Those with high reading when stressed had the highest increase in blood pressure
What is one limitation of research into stress related illness?
💡Dharbhar
💡Findings
💡Explain
📍think beyond the moment x
- Dharbhar found that stress can have immunoenhacing effect
- By exposing rats to mild acute stressors, immune cells flooded into bloodstream to protect against acute stress
- This suggests that the relationship between stress and immune system is complex and not fully understood.
What is a strength of research into stress related illness
💡Dharbhar again
💡Explain
📍there’s literally nothing you cannot xx
- Real world application: Dharbhar’s research sould lead to patients getting low doses of stress hormones before surgery to morose recovery
- These application benefit real people and confirm the relevance of stress to the immune system.
Describe life changes as a source of stress
💡become stress how?
💡__ LCU linked to illness?
📍tis a piece o’cake bbg
- Life changes requires significant adjustment so are regarded stressful
- They become stressful as a result of accumulation.
- Life changes measured using the social readjustment rating scale with more than 300 LCUs linking to illness
Describe the research of Holmes and Rahe on developing the SRRS
💡Sample + no of LC
💡Judges + baseline LCU
💡Determines?
📍there’s nothing you cannot do, whallai x
After examining medical records of 5000 patients, a list of 43 life changes occurring before illness was complied.
100 Judges tole that marriage has been assigned value of 50 and assign value to other LC
The amount of stress a person experiences then measured by the total number of life change units (LCUS)
Explain daily hassles as a source of stress
💡definition
💡scale
📍you’ve got this bbg
- According to Lazarus daily hassles are minor inconveniences in which their added effects leave us feeling stressed
- Daily hassles are measured with Hassles and uplifts scales
