Relationhips Flashcards
What is the evolutionary explanation of relationships?
💡Definition + Strategies
📍tug it out x
- This approach states that animals et motivated to selecta a “mate” with the best possible genes who will we able to esunre the offspring’s future health and survival = reproductive success
- This leads to the adoption of different sexual section strategies
Describe Anisogamy as apart of sexual selection
💡Definition
💡W+M+ Explanation
💡Optimum Strategy
- This refers to the sex differences between male sex cells and female sex cells
- Women: finite number of eggs, approx 25 years of fertility after puberty. This ends that each child is significant . Therefore optimium strategy is quality over quantity
- Men: Infinite sperm, continuous fertility. This means that there is little investment. Therefore optimal strategy is quantity over quality
What does the differences in sex cells lead to?
💡Female+Male
💡Defintion
📍take your time x
- It leads to different strategies when choosing partners
- inter-sexual selection (female choice): prefer quality over quantity as a result of investments (carry child), more picky therefore more likely to choose genetically fit and willing to offer resource partner. This means offspring inherit positives.
- Intra-sexual selection (male strategy): prefer quantity over quality as a result of little investment(multiple partners). Therefore must compete with other males to present themselves leading to successful characteristics passed on
Describe Buss research as a support for the evolutionary model
💡Sample + Findings
💡Counter arguments
📍tough one, think a bit harder x
- Surveyed over 10,000 adults in 33 countries
- Found that females value resource-based characteristics when choosing male while men valued younger and good looking women.
- this supports the idea of strategy
- However, research uses questionnaire which could lead to social desirability bias.
- Also, 77% were from western cultures meaning effects of culture may have been measured rather than evolutionary- determined behaviors
Describe Clark and hatfield’s study as a support for the evolutionary model
💡Sample + Task
💡Findings
- Femal psychology students asked to approach fellow students of opposites sex asking: go on a date, apapratemnt or go to bed
- found that 75% of men agreed to go to bed
Describe what the social exchange theory
💡Suggest + examples
💡CL + CLat
💡Explanation
📍there’s literally nothing you cannot do x
- suggest that partners aim to maximize the rewards and minimize cost in a relationship
- cost could include time, stress while rewards may include sex or praise
- Comaprison level is a measure of profit in which judgements are made based in previous relationships and societal norms of reward levels
- Comparison level of alternative (CLalt) where individual consider whether they might gain more reward abd endure fewer cost in a different relationship
- CLat depends in the the current relationship: if the the cost of current one outweighs the reward, then alternative becomes attractive
What are the four stages of a relationship as suggested by the social exchange theory?
💡Stages + Explanation
📍think before you click x
- Sampling stage: exploring rewards and cost by experimenting and observing relationships
- Bargaining Stage: partners negotiate around costs and rewards
- Commitment Stage: when relationship becomes more stable. Cost reduces and rewards increases
- Institutionalization: partners becomes settled because norms are now established
Describe self disclosure as a factor affecting attraction and the social penetration theory
💡Define
💡SD + SPT
- this term refers to revealing intimate information to another person such as thoughts, feelings
- The social penetration theory claims that by gradually revealing emotions to a partner, followed by reciprocity, peoeplm gain a grater understanding of each other leading to development of trust in a romantic relationships.
Describe the dimensions involved in self disclosure using the onion metaphor?
💡Dimensions + explanation
💡 Reis + shaver
📍consistency, consistency x
- There are two dimensions according to the onion mentaphor:
- Breadth: here partners share information about certain things as sharing too much information may be putting off
- Depth: as trust is built, the depth of information revealed becomes deeper
- Reis and shaver suggest that reciprocity is important for successful self disclosure as this leads to rgretaer intimacy and trust in a relationship
How does the concept of self disclosure have real life applications
💡Hass + Findings
💡Explanation
📍its in there x 🙂↕️
- Hass and Strafford: found that 57% of homosexual men and women reported they used pie and honest self disclosure as a relationship maintenance strategy
- Couples who limit communication to “small talk” can be encouraged to increase self disclosure to deepeodn relationship
- This highlights the importance of self disclosure and suggest that the theory can be used to support people having rekatiship problems
Describe a research supporting the concept of self disclosure
💡 Sprecher + Findings
💡Explanation
📍 there’s nothing you cannot do, wallahi x
- Sprecher and Hendrick found strong correlation between several measures of satisfaction and self disclosure in heterosexual couples
- Men and women who used self disclosure were more satisfied and committed to their relationships
- This supports the validity of the view that reciprocated self disclosure is a key part of satisfying romantic relationship
How is the social penetration theory a nomothetic approach?
💡Explanation + Alt
📍 Tug it out x
- The theory ignores all other factors that can influence relationships such as personality
- by reducing relationship satisfaction to a single factor, it ignores many aspects of romantic relatioshi loke physical attractions.
- This suggest that the theory could benefit from an idiographic approach rather than establishing genial laws
How does the “boom and bust” phenomenon support the social penetration theory?
💡Cooper + Sportolari
💡Findings + Explanation
📍think, it’s rewarding x
- Cooper and Sportolari found that the anonymity of onlinbe relationships gave users sense of secure making them able to disclose personal information much earlier (boom). However, becasue the necessary trust is not established, the intensity of the relationship becomes impossible to sustain. Eventually leading to the break up (bust)
- This suggests that trust needs to be established by Sharing less important information first (breadth before proceeding to. Deeper level of self disclosure as the social penetration theory suggests
How do psychologist suggest physical attractiveness affects attraction?
💡Arguements
💡Halo effect + explanation
- Psychologists argue that physical attractiveness plays a huge role and found that people with symmetric faces and baby features tend to be more attractive
- The halo effect as suggested by palmer and Peterson describes how physical attractiveness is generalized
- This is because we hold preconceived ides about the attributes of physically attractiveness plays a propel.
Describe what the matching hypothesis suggest about attraction
💡Define
💡Explain
📍another one x 🙂↕️
- it suggest that we choose partners who match us in attractiveness
- A person’s choice of partner is a balconies between a desire to have the most attractive person at the fear of rejection
