Streaming Design Flashcards
If users need to react or respond immediately to streamed content, latency should be __ milliseconds or below.
30
Video requires ____ bandwidth compared to audio.
A. Less
B. More
C. Equal
B. More
Still images, or relatively static images, require a ____ frame rate compared to full-motion video.
A. Lower
B. Greater
C. Equal
A. Lower
How and where the content enters the network is often referred to as the place where the content is ____.
ingested
Publishers and copyright owners use ____ technology to control access to and usage of digital data or hardware.
digital rights management (DRM)
____ is a form of DRM developed by Intel to control digital audio and video content as it travels across Digital Video Interface (DVI) or High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) connections.
High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP)
HDCP support is not needed for the playback of protected high-definition (HD) content.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Without the proper HDCP license, content will not play.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Streams are also referred to as ____.
channels
In regards to streaming, a(n) ____ is a single, openly routable location.
local area network (LAN)
Realistically, only __ percent of rated network capacity is available.
70
In a converged network, only __ percent should be used for streaming media.
30
____ is a Transport layer protocol used to reserve network resources for specific applications.
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is initiated by the ____ receiving data and must be renewed periodically.
A. client
B. node
C. server
D. host
D. host
Based on estimates that only 70 percent of rated network capacity is considered available and only 30 percent of the available capacity is available for streaming, consider __ percent of a network’s rated capacity available for streaming.
21
____ is a term used to refer to any method of managing data traffic to provide the best possible user experience. Typically, it refers to some combination of bandwidth allocation and data prioritization.
Quality of Service (QoS)
QoS must be implemented on every segment of the network across which the stream will travel.
A. True
B. False
A. True
RSVP must be implemented on every network segment to function.
A. True
B. False
A. True
When traffic enters the network, these devices automatically detect which application it comes from and tags it with a(n) ____, which then defines how the network devices prioritize the traffic.
DiffServ class
DiffServ Class
This class is for traffic that controls applications or user end points.
A. Signaling Service class B. Telephony class C. Real-Time Interactive class D. Multimedia Conferencing Service class E. Broadcast Video Service class F. Multimedia Streaming Service class
A. Signaling Service class
DiffServ Class
This class is intended for VoIP traffic. It can be used for any traffic that transmits at a constant rate and requires low latency.
A. Signaling Service class B. Telephony class C. Real-Time Interactive class D. Multimedia Conferencing Service class E. Broadcast Video Service class F. Multimedia Streaming Service class
B. Telephony class
DiffServ Class
This class is for interactive applications that transmit at a variable rate and require low jitter and loss and low delay. Examples include interactive gaming and some types of videoconferencing.
A. Signaling Service class B. Telephony class C. Real-Time Interactive class D. Multimedia Conferencing Service class E. Broadcast Video Service class F. Multimedia Streaming Service class
C. Real-Time Interactive class
DiffServ Class
This class is for conferencing solutions that can dynamically reduce their transmission rates if they detect congestion.
A. Signaling Service class B. Telephony class C. Real-Time Interactive class D. Multimedia Conferencing Service class E. Broadcast Video Service class F. Multimedia Streaming Service class
D. Multimedia Conferencing Service class
DiffServ Class
This class is for inelastic, noninteractive media; that is, media streams that can’t change their transmission rate based on network congestion. This class is used for live-event AV streaming.
A. Signaling Service class B. Telephony class C. Real-Time Interactive class D. Multimedia Conferencing Service class E. Broadcast Video Service class F. Multimedia Streaming Service class
E. Broadcast Video Service class
DiffServ Class
This class is for noninteractive streaming media that can detect network congestion or packet loss and respond by reducing its transmission rate. This class is used for video-on-demand services.
A. Signaling Service class B. Telephony class C. Real-Time Interactive class D. Multimedia Conferencing Service class E. Broadcast Video Service class F. Multimedia Streaming Service class
F. Multimedia Streaming Service class
For video conferencing, __ millisecond(s) of delay is acceptable.
A. 100
B. 200
C. 50
D. 1
B. 200
For high-fidelity audio, __ microsecond(s) of delay is acceptable.
A. 100
B. 200
C. 50
D. 1
C. 50
For streaming desktop video, __ second(s) of delay is acceptable.
A. 100
B. 200
C. 50
D. 1
D. 1
Most live video with low latency requirements will be delivered via ___ transport.
A. TCP
B. UDP
C. Multicast
D. Unicast
B. UDP
Multicast transmissions are always delivered via UDP
A. True
B. False
A. True
____ is a Transport layer protocol commonly used with UDP to provide a better AV streaming experience.
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)
____ is a Session layer protocol for monitoring quality of service for AV streams. It periodically reports on packet loss, latency, and other delivery statistics so that a streaming application can improve its performance, perhaps by lowering the bit rate of the stream or using a different codec.
Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)
RTCP carries multimedia data and provides encryption and authorization methods.
A. True
B. False
B. False
In most cases, RTP data is sent over an even-numbered UDP port, while RTCP is sent over the next higher odd-numbered port.
A. True
B. False
A. True
____ is a control protocol that communicates with a streaming server to allow users to play, pause, or otherwise control a stream.
Real-time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
____ is a standardized method of describing media streamed over the Internet. The information carried generally includes session name, purpose, timing, information about the media being transported (though not the media itself ), and contact information for session attendees.
Session Description Protocol (SDP)
MPEG-4 Part 10 is the most commonly implemented part of the MPEG-4 standard for recording, streaming, or compressing high-definition audio and video. It is also known as ____.
H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)
____ is the successor to H.264, and can double the data compression ratio of a stream without sacrificing video quality.
H.265 / High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)
____ streaming establishes one-to-one connections between the streaming server that sends the AV data and client devices that receive it.
Unicast
____ is the client device waiting for parts of the stream to arrive before playing it. Common with TCP transport.
Measure Buffering
____ streaming is a one-to-many transmission model. One server sends out a single stream that multiple clients can access. Require UDP transport.
Multicast
Multicast streams can be sent over LANs or private networks.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Multicast streams can be sent over the open internet.
A. True
B. False
B. False
A(n) ____ is a designated Class D IP address in which a streaming server sends a stream via multicast.
host address
____ is the IPv4 group-management protocol. It is a communications protocol used by hosts and their adjacent routers to allow hosts to inform the router of their desire to receive, continue receiving, or stop receiving a multicast.
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
____ is the IPv6 group-management protocol. IPv6 natively supports multicasting, which means any IPv6 router will support it.
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)
____ allows clients to specify the sources from which they will accept multicast content. This has the dual benefit of reducing demands on the network while also improving network security.
Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)
____ sends all multicast traffic sent to the host address to all subscribed clients.
Any-Source Multicast (ASM)
____ allows multicast routing over LANs, WANs, or even, theoretically, the open Internet.
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
PIM is generally divided into two categories: dense mode and sparse mode.
____ mode sends multicast traffic to every router of the network and then prunes any routers that aren’t actually using the stream.
A. Dense Mode
B. Sparse Mode
A. Dense Mode
PIM is generally divided into two categories: dense mode and sparse mode.
By default, ____ re-floods the network every three minutes.
A. Dense Mode
B. Sparse Mode
A. Dense Mode
PIM is generally divided into two categories: dense mode and sparse mode.
____ sends multicast traffic only to those routers that explicitly request it. This is the fastest and most scalable multicast implementation for WANs.
A. Dense Mode
B. Sparse Mode
B. Sparse Mode
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has divided the ____ address range into a series of address blocks allocated to different types of multicast messaging.
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D
D. Class D
A ____ subscribes to a video stream and re-transmits it to another address. This re-transmission can be any combination of multicast or unicast inputs and outputs.
streaming video reflector (sometimes called a relay)
