Networking for AV Flashcards
____ are the devices that send and receive data. This can be a computer, a mobile device, a video server, a projector, a control panel, or some other electronic system capable of sharing data.
Nodes
____ are the means by which data travels from one node to another. They can be any signal-transmission medium: radio frequency, copper cabling, light, and so on.
Connections
A ____ can consist of anything that is interconnected in a netlike manner or that is linked together to pass information.
network
A ____ sends data in a continuous stream. No other devices can use the channel while the connection is active.
circuit-switched network
_____ allow several nodes to send information on the same channel at the same time.
Packets
If a piece of computer hardware does nothing but provide services, that computer is called a ____.
server
The term ____ can also refer to a program that runs on a computer alongside other programs.
server
In a client-server network architecture, a ____ provides services to dependent ____.
server / nodes
A computer whose only task is to perform a particular service is known as a ____ server. This type of server offers only one service.
thin
A(n) ____ is an interface that allows you to connect a device to a network.
network interface card (NIC)
A(n) ____ address is the actual hardware address, or number, of your NIC device. Every device has this globally unique address that identifies its connection on the network.
media access control (MAC)
A(n) ____ provides a physical connection between multiple devices. As each device is connected, this device collects and stores its MAC address.
network switch
____ switches have no configuration options; you just plug in a device, and it connects.
Unmanaged
____ switches allow the network technician to adjust port speeds, set up virtual local area networks (VLANs), configure quality of service, monitor traffic, and so on.
Managed
A(n) ____ forwards data between devices that are not directly physically connected. They mark the border between a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN).
router
A ____ is a router that connects a private network to outside networks. All data that travels to the Internet must pass through this device.
gateway
For local area network connections, the three most common physical transmission methods are as follows:
- Over copper, as voltage
- Over glass, as visible light
- Over air, as radio frequencies
____ is a glass medium used for transmitting modulated light from point A to point B.
Optical fiber
There are two modes, or paths of light, behind optical fiber, known as ____ and ____.
single-mode and multimode.
Network data can typically travel farther over ____ optical fiber cabling.
single-mode
Optical fiber cable connectors.
The ____ can be found on transmitter-receiver equipment and is similar to the Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector, meaning that all you have to do is “stab and twist” to lock it into place, which keeps the optical fiber and ferrule from rotating during connection. This connector can be used on both single-mode and multimode fiber.
A. ST connector
B. LC connector
C. SC connector
D. LT connector
A. ST connector
Optical fiber cable connectors.
The ____ is much smaller in diameter than the ST and is used for basic wiring applications. It has low loss qualities and is known as a “push, pull” connector.
A. ST connector
B. LC connector
C. SC connector
D. LT connector
B. LC connector
Optical fiber cable connectors.
The ____ is larger in diameter than the LC. It is a “stab and click” connector, which means that when the connector is pushed in or pulled out, there is an audible click because of the attachment lock. This connector is useful for tight spaces.
A. ST connector
B. LC connector
C. SC connector
D. LT connector
C. SC connector
The wireless connection known as Wi-Fi is defined by the _____ standard and has been revised several times to keep up with the growing demands for wireless communication.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11
The speed of a Wi-Fi connection depends on the ____ signal strength and the revision of 802.11 with which you connect.
radio frequency (RF)
The ____ model provides a mental map for the transfer of data across a network.
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
OSI stands for _____.
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
The OSI Model Layers 1–3, known as the ____, define hardware-oriented functions such as routing, switching, and cable specifications. These are the areas that most concern AV professionals because they’re the ones that affect us directly.
media layers
The OSI Model Layers 4–7, known as the ____, define the software that implements network services. Each layer contains a broad set of protocols and standards that regulate a certain portion of the data transfer process.
host layers
The OSI model is broken down into seven layers:
_____ (named Physical layer) is the physical layer. The devices need to be plugged in to work. The physical layer can be copper, optical fiber, and, yes, even RF (because it requires a signal that needs to be received). The physical layer sends and receives electrons, light, or electromagnetic flux.
A. Layer 1 B. Layer 2 C. Layer 3 D. Layer 4 E. Layer 5 F. Layer 6 G. Layer 7
A. Layer 1
The OSI model is broken down into seven layers:
____ (named Data Link layer) is the interface to the physical layer; it uses frames of information to talk back and forth. The addressing scheme is MAC addresses. One MAC address talks to another MAC address. Switches use this layer to send and receive frames.
A. Layer 1 B. Layer 2 C. Layer 3 D. Layer 4 E. Layer 5 F. Layer 6 G. Layer 7
B. Layer 2
The OSI model is broken down into seven layers:
____ (named Network layer) is packet-based. Packets “ride” inside layer 2 frames. This layer adds IP addressing. Routers can send, receive, and route IP addresses.
A. Layer 1 B. Layer 2 C. Layer 3 D. Layer 4 E. Layer 5 F. Layer 6 G. Layer 7
C. Layer 3
The OSI model is broken down into seven layers:
____ (named Transport layer) works with ports. Ports are generally associated with firewalls. These ports are virtual ports and can be found at the end of an IP address such as 192.168.1.35:80. The :80 is the port number.
A. Layer 1 B. Layer 2 C. Layer 3 D. Layer 4 E. Layer 5 F. Layer 6 G. Layer 7
D. Layer 4
The OSI model is broken down into seven layers:
____ ( named Session layer) controls (starts, stops, monitors, and keeps track of ) layers 4 and 3. For example, Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) keeps track of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layer 3 traffic. It keeps track of whether the data makes it to the far end. UDP can’t do that on its own; it needs a session protocol to do the work for it.
A. Layer 1 B. Layer 2 C. Layer 3 D. Layer 4 E. Layer 5 F. Layer 6 G. Layer 7
E. Layer 5
The OSI model is broken down into seven layers:
____ (named Presentation layer) opens up or transcodes between the session and the application. It is a kind of go-between. Data encryption and decryption are at this layer as well. An application can’t talk data directly; it needs an interpreter, and this is it.
A. Layer 1 B. Layer 2 C. Layer 3 D. Layer 4 E. Layer 5 F. Layer 6 G. Layer 7
F. Layer 6
The OSI model is broken down into seven layers:
____ (named Application layer) is the application layer or the layer with which the human interacts. Using the streaming example, it is Windows Media Player. The application has the controls to manipulate the output of audio and video. It takes all the layers for a player application to retrieve the stream and play it on your desktop.
A. Layer 1 B. Layer 2 C. Layer 3 D. Layer 4 E. Layer 5 F. Layer 6 G. Layer 7
G. Layer 7
Port __ is generally associated with web or Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) traffic.
80
This simple mnemonic can help you remember the names of all the layers of the OSI model, from one to seven: ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.
Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away.
- Physical
- Data Link
- Network
- Transport
- Session
- Presentation
- Application
Network ____ helps to determine how far data must travel to reach its destination, or how many devices data has to pass through to reach its destination.
topology
The ____ network topology is the “way it is wired” or how it is connected together. It maps the placement of each network device and the cable installation path.
A. application
B. physical
C. session
D. logical
B. physical
The ____ network topology depicts electrical routing and control of data. It is how you manage the data routes or the flow of data within a network.
A. application
B. physical
C. session
D. logical
D. logical
How many devices data has to pass through before it gets to its destination is known as network _____.
hops
Many real-time AV protocols have a limited number of allowable hops, usually fewer than ____.
ten
As a best practice, no more than __ devices should be affected by any one single point of failure.
20
_____ networks use physical addresses to communicate.
Local area networks
The LAN’s physical address is the ____, hard-coded into each node.
MAC address
Local Area Network Topologies
In a ____, all nodes connect to a central point, such as a router, switch, or hub. They are hierarchical. Each node has access to the other nodes through the central point. If any one node fails, information still flows. The central device is a single point of failure; if it fails, communication stops.
A. star topology
B. extended star topology
C. mesh topology
D. partial mesh topology
A. star topology
Local Area Network Topologies
In a ____, if any device fails, access to the devices below is cut off, but the rest of the network continues to work. The central device remains a single point of failure; if it fails, communication stops.
A. star topology
B. extended star topology
C. mesh topology
D. partial mesh topology
B. extended star topology
Local Area Network Topologies
In a ____, each node connects to every other node. They provide fast communication and excellent redundancy, ensuring that the failure of no one device can bring down the whole network. Providing physical connections between every device is really expensive, though. They are rare.
A. star topology
B. extended star topology
C. mesh topology
D. partial mesh topology
C. mesh topology
Local Area Network Topologies
In a ____, each node connects to several other nodes, but not all. They provide good redundancy, ensuring that several devices must fail at the same time before communications cease.
A. star topology
B. extended star topology
C. mesh topology
D. partial mesh topology
D. partial mesh topology
When IP data is sent across a LAN, it is encapsulated inside a(n) ____.
Ethernet frame
The type, or speed, a device sends out depends on the capability of its _____.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
