Stomach, spleen, duodenum, pancreas, jejunum, ileum Flashcards
Dissection 14
What 8 abdominal organs are peritonealized?
- Stomach
- Duodenum, first part
- Jejunum
- Ileum
- Transverse colon
- Sigmoid colon
- Spleen
- Appendix
What 2 abdominal organs are partially peritonealized?
- Colon, ascending
2. Colon, descending
What 5 abdominal organs are retroperitoneal (situated posterior to peritoneum)?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Adrenals
- Pancreas
- Duodenum, second, third, and fourth parts
Where is the stomach located within the abdominal cavity?
Left upper quadrant; upper stomach situated above level of inferior margin of left rib cage
What are the 4 parts of the stomach?
- Fundus
- Body
- Pyloric antrum
- Pyloric canal
What 3 arteries supply stomach?
(All branches of celiac trunk)
- Common hepatic (right gastric)
- Left gastric
- Splenic artery (gastroepiploic and short gastric)
What innervates stomach?
Parasympathetic: anterior and posterior vagal trunks
Sympathetic: celiac ganglia (from thoracic splanchnic)
What is anterior vagal trunk a continuation of?
Esophageal plexus in thorax
What separates stomach from small intestine?
Pylorus of stomach connects to duodenum of small intestine; they are separated by pyloric sphincter
What is the term for vomiting blood?
Hematemesis
Where is the spleen located within the abdominal cavity?
Posterolateral, upper portion of left paravertebral gutter
What artery supplies spleen?
Splenic artery (branch off celiac trunk)
What vein removes blood from spleen?
Splenic vein (joins superior mesenteric vein to form portal vein)
What are 4 parts of duodenum?
- Superior
- Descending
- Inferior (horizontal)
- Ascending
What is the arterial supply to duodenum?
- Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior)
- Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior)
What is common bile duct?
Carries stored bile to duodenum to emulsify fat; merges with pancreatic duct before entering small intestine; pancreatic cancer can prevent bile from reaching small intestine; symptomizes as obstructive jaundice (yellowing of skin)
What are 4 parts of pancreas?
- Head
- Neck
- Body
- Tail
Where do the common bile and pancreatic duct enter the duodenum?
Major duodenal papilla of descending duodenum
What is the location of the pancreas within abdominal cavity?
Posterior to inferior portion of stomach
What 5 arteries supply the pancreas?
Head:
1. Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior)
2. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior)
Neck, body, tail:
1. Dorsal pancreatic artery
2. Greater pancreatic artery
3. Artery of tail of pancreas
What is Meckel’s diverticulum?
Yolk sac remnant found in small intestine
2 inches long, 2 feet from ileocecal junction, present in 2 percent of population
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
What arteries supply jejunum and ileum?
Superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries and ileocolic artery
Case: This woman gave a history of ingesting an average of 180 grains (36 tablets) of aspirin daily for the past five months. She had been having epigastric pain and, four days prior to admission, suffered a massive hematemesis (vomiting of blood). An upper G.I. series demonstrated a large gastric ulcer in the posterolateral aspect of the body of the stomach. If this ulcer were to erode through the entire stomach wall into what peritoneal recess would the stomach contents pass? This event might cause complications by affecting the structures and/or organs bounding that peritoneal recess. What are those structures and/or organs?
Any component of the omental bursa
How does aspirin influence formation of gastric ulcers?
Deters gastric mucous, allowing gastric acid to come into contact with internal wall of stomach, deteriorating the epithelium, causing an ulcer
What is the function of stomach fundus?
- Extra space for food
2. Collect gases produced during digestive process
What is the function of stomach body?
- Churn food
- Digest with proteases
- Digest and kill bacteria with hydrochloric acid
What is the function of pyloric antrum?
Important contributor of gastric enzymes (somatostatin, gastrin, etc.)
What nerves innervate stomach?
(Via anterior vagal trunk)
- Gastric branches of anterior vagal trunk
- Pyloric branch of hepatic nerve (branch of anterior vagal trunk)
What artery supplies short gastric arteries?
Splenic artery
What separates pylorus from duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
What is the function of spleen?
- Blood reservoir
- Recycles old red blood cells and their hemoglobin (into its amino acids)
- Produces antibodies
What is special about the descending duodenum?
It receives the hepatopancreatic duct (enzymes, bicarbonate) via greater duodenal papilla
What is significant about superior mesenteric vein?
It receives nutrient/toxin rich blood from digestive system and carries it to hepatic portal vein to have it filtered by liver
What innervates ileum, jejunum, cecum?
Superior mesenteric plexus
