Stomach, spleen, duodenum, pancreas, jejunum, ileum

Question 1

What 8 abdominal organs are peritonealized?

Answer 1

1. Stomach
2. Duodenum, first part
3. Jejunum
4. Ileum
5. Transverse colon
6. Sigmoid colon
7. Spleen
8. Appendix

Question 2

What 2 abdominal organs are partially peritonealized?

Answer 2

1. Colon, ascending

2. Colon, descending

Question 3

What 5 abdominal organs are retroperitoneal (situated posterior to peritoneum)?

Answer 3

1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Adrenals
4. Pancreas
5. Duodenum, second, third, and fourth parts

Question 4

Where is the stomach located within the abdominal cavity?

Answer 4

Left upper quadrant; upper stomach situated above level of inferior margin of left rib cage

Question 5

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

Answer 5

1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Pyloric antrum
4. Pyloric canal

Question 6

What 3 arteries supply stomach?

Answer 6

(All branches of celiac trunk)

1. Common hepatic (right gastric)
2. Left gastric
3. Splenic artery (gastroepiploic and short gastric)

Question 7

What innervates stomach?

Answer 7

Parasympathetic: anterior and posterior vagal trunks
Sympathetic: celiac ganglia (from thoracic splanchnic)

Question 8

What is anterior vagal trunk a continuation of?

Answer 8

Esophageal plexus in thorax

Question 9

What separates stomach from small intestine?

Answer 9

Pylorus of stomach connects to duodenum of small intestine; they are separated by pyloric sphincter

Question 10

What is the term for vomiting blood?

Answer 10

Hematemesis

Question 11

Where is the spleen located within the abdominal cavity?

Answer 11

Posterolateral, upper portion of left paravertebral gutter

Question 12

What artery supplies spleen?

Answer 12

Splenic artery (branch off celiac trunk)

Question 13

What vein removes blood from spleen?

Answer 13

Splenic vein (joins superior mesenteric vein to form portal vein)

Question 14

What are 4 parts of duodenum?

Answer 14

1. Superior
2. Descending
3. Inferior (horizontal)
4. Ascending

Question 15

What is the arterial supply to duodenum?

Answer 15

1. Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior)
2. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior)

Question 16

What is common bile duct?

Answer 16

Carries stored bile to duodenum to emulsify fat; merges with pancreatic duct before entering small intestine; pancreatic cancer can prevent bile from reaching small intestine; symptomizes as obstructive jaundice (yellowing of skin)

Question 17

What are 4 parts of pancreas?

Answer 17

1. Head
2. Neck
3. Body
4. Tail

Question 18

Where do the common bile and pancreatic duct enter the duodenum?

Answer 18

Major duodenal papilla of descending duodenum

Question 19

What is the location of the pancreas within abdominal cavity?

Answer 19

Posterior to inferior portion of stomach

Question 20

What 5 arteries supply the pancreas?

Answer 20

Head:
1. Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior)
2. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior)
Neck, body, tail:
1. Dorsal pancreatic artery
2. Greater pancreatic artery
3. Artery of tail of pancreas

Question 21

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

Answer 21

Yolk sac remnant found in small intestine

2 inches long, 2 feet from ileocecal junction, present in 2 percent of population

Question 22

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 22

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 23

What arteries supply jejunum and ileum?

Answer 23

Superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries and ileocolic artery

Question 24

Case: This woman gave a history of ingesting an average of 180 grains (36 tablets) of aspirin daily for the past five months. She had been having epigastric pain and, four days prior to admission, suffered a massive hematemesis (vomiting of blood). An upper G.I. series demonstrated a large gastric ulcer in the posterolateral aspect of the body of the stomach. If this ulcer were to erode through the entire stomach wall into what peritoneal recess would the stomach contents pass? This event might cause complications by affecting the structures and/or organs bounding that peritoneal recess. What are those structures and/or organs?

Answer 24

Any component of the omental bursa

Question 25

How does aspirin influence formation of gastric ulcers?

Answer 25

Deters gastric mucous, allowing gastric acid to come into contact with internal wall of stomach, deteriorating the epithelium, causing an ulcer

Question 26

What is the function of stomach fundus?

Answer 26

1. Extra space for food

2. Collect gases produced during digestive process

Question 27

What is the function of stomach body?

Answer 27

1. Churn food
2. Digest with proteases
3. Digest and kill bacteria with hydrochloric acid

Question 28

What is the function of pyloric antrum?

Answer 28

Important contributor of gastric enzymes (somatostatin, gastrin, etc.)

Question 29

What nerves innervate stomach?

Answer 29

(Via anterior vagal trunk)

1. Gastric branches of anterior vagal trunk
2. Pyloric branch of hepatic nerve (branch of anterior vagal trunk)

Question 30

What artery supplies short gastric arteries?

Answer 30

Splenic artery

Question 31

What separates pylorus from duodenum?

Answer 31

Pyloric sphincter

Question 32

What is the function of spleen?

Answer 32

1. Blood reservoir
2. Recycles old red blood cells and their hemoglobin (into its amino acids)
3. Produces antibodies

Question 33

What is special about the descending duodenum?

Answer 33

It receives the hepatopancreatic duct (enzymes, bicarbonate) via greater duodenal papilla

Question 34

What is significant about superior mesenteric vein?

Answer 34

It receives nutrient/toxin rich blood from digestive system and carries it to hepatic portal vein to have it filtered by liver

Question 35

What innervates ileum, jejunum, cecum?

Answer 35

Superior mesenteric plexus