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Fundamentals of clinical anatomy and imaging > Abdominal wall, inguinal region, general relationships of abdominal viscera, peritoneum > Flashcards

Abdominal wall, inguinal region, general relationships of abdominal viscera, peritoneum Flashcards

Dissection 13

1
Q

What is anatomical name for “belly button”?

A

Umbilicus

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2
Q

How to locate transpyloric plane?

A

Transverse plane midway between xiphoid process and umbilicus

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3
Q

How to locate subcostal plane?

A

Transverse plane between bilateral 10th costal cartilages at respective midaxillary lines

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4
Q

Location of interiliac plane?

A

Transverse plane between bilateral iliac crests

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5
Q

What connects pubis to ischium?

A

Ischiopubic rami

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6
Q

Where does lacunar ligament attach?

A

Pecten pubis

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7
Q

What are dermatomal landmarks for the anterior trunk?

A

Xiphoid: T7
Umbilicus: T10
Inguinal: L1

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8
Q

What could pain to the lower right quadrant of the abdomen indicate?

A

Pneumonia in the lower lobe of the right lung is affecting local parietal plura - referring pain to the local abdominal wall (may simulate appendicitis) via the thoracoabdominal intercostal nerves

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9
Q

From superficial to deep, what are the layers of the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  1. Camper’s fatty fascia
  2. Scarpa’s membranous fascia (continuous with perineum fascia)
  3. External abdominal oblique muscle
  4. Internal abdominal oblique muscle
  5. Transversus abdominis
  6. Rectus abdominis
  7. Transversalis fascia
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10
Q

What does distention of superficial anterior abdominal veins indicate (caput medusae)?

A

An obstruction of one or more of the following:

  1. Superior vena cava
  2. Inferior vena cava
  3. Portal vein
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11
Q

What is special about the membranous fascia of he abdomen?

A

It is continuous with fascia of the perineum

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12
Q

How can a ruptured urethra be diagnosed?

A

Released urine is palpable as a fluid mass in the lower abdomen; continuity between Scarpa’s membranous fascia and Colles’ perineum fascia prevents urine from descending to lower limb

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13
Q

How is the abdomen divided into quadrants?

A

Transverse and sagittal planes intersecting at the umbilicus

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14
Q

What nerve supplies L1 dermatome?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

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15
Q

What is external abdominal oblique aponeurosis continuous with?

A
  1. Inguinal ligament
  2. Lacunar ligament
  3. Superficial inguinal ring
  4. External spermatic fascia
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16
Q

What does internal abdominal oblique muscle join with?

A

Joins transversus abdominis muscle as inguinal falx tendon

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17
Q

Where does ilioinguinal nerve run?

A

Pierces internal abdominal oblique muscle near anterior superior iliac spine and runs medially to exit superficial inguinal ring

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18
Q

What encapsulates the abdominal viscera?

A
  1. Parietal peritoneum

2. Visceral peritoneum

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19
Q

What is arcuate line?

A

Above: rectus sheath completely surrounds rectus abdominis
Below: rectus sheath only covers anterior surface of rectus abdominis

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20
Q

What muscles form the rectus sheath?

A
  1. External abdominal oblique tendon (anterior)
  2. Internal abdominal oblique tendon (posterior)
  3. Transversus abdominis tendon (anterior/posterior)
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21
Q

What is the significance of the rectus sheath?

A

Encloses rectus abdominus

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22
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

Where the left and right rectus sheaths meet at the midline; it is a common surgical incision site; it is a weak point of the abdomen where a hernia can occur

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23
Q

What makes up the deep inguinal ring?

A

Transversalis fascia

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24
Q

What makes up the superficial inguinal ring?

A
  1. External oblique

2. Lateral and medial crura

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25
Q

What is a test for the L1 spinal nerve for males?

A

Cremasteric reflex: scratch skin of medial thigh or lower abdomen and look for cremaster muscle to elevate testes

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26
Q

What are the components of the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Ductus deferens (take spermatozoa from epididymis within scrotum to ejaculatory duct); is a thick muscular cord
  2. Testicular artery
  3. Pampiniform plexus of veins
  4. Testicular lymphatics
  5. Testicular plexus of autonomic nerves
  6. Vessels to ductus deferens
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27
Q

What is the female homolog of spermatic cord?

A

Round ligament

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28
Q

What are the symptoms of varicocele?

A

Varicose veins of the pampiniform plexus of veins; chronic, aching pain in groin; palpable, large, dilated, worm-like structures in scrotum; infertility

29
Q

What are the boarders of Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

Medial: rectus abdominus
Lateral: inferior epigastric vessels
Inferior: inguinal ligament

30
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

Part of inguinal peritoneum (and intestine) passes through femoral canal

31
Q

Where are the semilunar lines located?

A

They are the lateral boarders of rectus abdominus

32
Q

What abdominal, visceral organs are completely peritonealized?

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Duodenum, first part
  3. Jejunum
  4. Ileum
  5. Transverse colon
  6. Sigmoid colon
  7. Spleen
  8. Appendix
33
Q

What abdominal, visceral organs are partially peritonealized?

A
  1. Colon, ascending

2. Colon, descending

34
Q

What abdominal, visceral organs are retroperitoneal?

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Adrenals
  4. Pancreas
  5. Duodenum (second, third, and fourth parts)
35
Q

What is peritonealization?

A

Surrounded by visceral peritoneum

36
Q

What is retroperitoneal?

A

Posterior to peritoneum; not surrounded

37
Q

Where is parietal peritoneum?

A

Lining the entire internal abdominal cavity

38
Q

Where is visceral peritoneum?

A

Lining peritonealized organs

39
Q

What are the four components of greater omentum mesentery?

A
  1. Gastrocolic ligament (stomach to diaphragm)
  2. Gastrosphlenic ligament (stomach to spleen)
  3. Splenorenal ligament (stomach to left kidney and spleen)
  4. Gastrocolic ligament (stomach to transverse colon)
40
Q

What are the components of lesser omentum ligament?

A
  1. Hepatogastric ligament (stomach to liver)

2. Hepatoduodenal ligament (stomach to common bile duct, proper hepatic artery, and portal vein)

41
Q

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament?

A
  1. Pubic tubercle

2. Anterior superior iliac spine

42
Q

What nerves innervate external oblique muscle?

A
  1. Lower intercostal nerves

2. Subcostal nerve

43
Q

What nerves innervate internal oblique muscle?

A
  1. Lower intercostal nerves
  2. Subcostal nerve
  3. L1 spinal nerve
44
Q

What are the functions of internal oblique muscle?

A
  1. Rotation
  2. Lateral flexion of trunk (ipsilaterally)
  3. Compressor of abdomen (antagonist to diaphragm)
45
Q

What are the functions of external oblique muscle?

A
  1. Rotate vertebral column to opposite side
  2. Bend trunk to same side
  3. Expiration by compressing lower thoracic cavity
  4. Flexion of trunk
46
Q

What nerves innervate rectus abdominis?

A
  1. Lower intercostal nerves

2. Subcostal nerve

47
Q

What nerves innervate transversus abdominis?

A
  1. Lower intercostal nerves
  2. Subcostal nerve
  3. L1 spinal nerve
48
Q

What are the functions of transversus abdominis?

A
  1. Flexion of trunk
  2. Lateral flexion of trunk
  3. Rotation of trunk
49
Q

What are the actions of rectus abdominis?

A
  1. Compression of abdomen

2. Flexion of trunk

50
Q

What nerve innervates cremaster muscle?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

51
Q

What are the four components of greater omentum?

A

(Connected to greater curvature of stomach)

  1. Gatrophrenic ligament (connects to diaphragm)
  2. Gastrosplenic ligament (connects to spleen)
  3. Splenorenal ligament (connects to left kidney and spleen)
  4. Gastrocolic ligament (attaches to anterior aspect of transverse colon)
52
Q

What are the two components of lesser omentum?

A

(Connected to lesser curvature of stomach)

  1. Hepatogastric ligament (connects to porta of liver)
  2. Hepatoduodenal ligament (contains common bile duct, proper hepatic artery, and portal vein) (forms anterior boarder of omental foramen)
53
Q

What is the location of falciform ligament of liver?

A

From anterior abdominal wall in midline (umbilicus) to the dome of the diaphragm (runs between lobes of liver)

54
Q

What is the location of coronary ligament of liver?

A

The top of the “T” found at the superior end of the falciform ligament; runs on the superior surface of the liver

55
Q

What is the location of triangular ligaments of liver?

A
  1. Where the left inferior and superior coronary ligaments join (forming a triangle)
  2. Where the right inferior and superior coronary ligaments joint (forming a triangle)
56
Q

What vein drains the testicles?

A

Testicular pampiniform venous plexus

57
Q

What passes through deep inguinal ring?

A
  1. Cremaster artery
  2. Cremaster vein
  3. Testicular artery
  4. Testicular vein
  5. Testicular lymph vessels
  6. Ductus deferens
58
Q

Where can round ligament be found?

A

Attached to falciform ligament

59
Q

What is contained within round ligament?

A

Obliterated umbilical vein

60
Q

What are the ligaments of the liver?

A
  1. Falciform
  2. Coronary
  3. Triangular
61
Q

What mesentery holds small intestine?

A

Mesentery of small intestine

62
Q

What mesentery holds the transverse colon?

A

Transverse mesocolon

63
Q

What mesentery holds the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid mesocolon

64
Q

What mesentery holds the appendix?

A

Mesoappendix

65
Q

In males, what is found between the rectum and bladder?

A

Rectovesical pouch

66
Q

In females, what is found between the rectum and uterus?

A

Rectouterine pouch

67
Q

In females, what is found between the blatter and uterus?

A

Vesicouterine pouch

68
Q

What connects omental bursa to peritoneal cavity?

A

Omental (epiploic) foramen; found under hepatic triad

Fundamentals of clinical anatomy and imaging (10 decks)

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