Relations of pelvic viscera and peritoneum (beginning of midsagittal study of pelvis)

Question 1

What are the 3 planes of the pelvis? How are they established?

Answer 1

1. Pelvic inlet (superior pubic symphysis to sacral promontory)
2. Midpelvis (inferior pubic symphysis through ischial spine to lower sacrum
3. Pelvic outlet (inferior pubic symphysis to ischial tuberosity to coccyx)

Question 2

For each of the 3 planes of the pelvis, what is the smallest dimension (females)?

Answer 2

1. Pelvic inlet: anteroposterior
2. Midpelvis: transverse (between ischial spines)
3. Pelvic outlet: transverse (between ischial tuberosities)

Question 3

What is the smallest dimension of the pelvis (females)?

Answer 3

Midpelvis: transverse (between ischial spines)

Question 4

What structures course with suspensory ligament of ovary?

Answer 4

1. Ovarian vessels

2. Ovarian autonomic plexus

Question 5

What separates the rectum from the anal canal?

Answer 5

(Pectinate line)
Above: rectum
Below: anal canal

Question 6

How does the epithelium of the rectum and anal canal differ?

Answer 6

Rectum: simple columnar

Anal canal: stratified squamous (streaks; many layers of flattened cells)

Question 7

How does the embryology of the rectum and anal canal differ?

Answer 7

Rectum: endoderm (hindgut) derivation

Anal canal: ectoderm derivation

Question 8

How does the vasculature of the rectum and anal canal differ?

Answer 8

Rectum: superior and middle rectal vessels

Anal canal: Inferior rectal

Question 9

How does the lymphatics of the rectum and anal canal differ?

Answer 9

Rectum: inferior mesenteric and internal iliac nodes

Anal canal: superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 10

How does the innervation of the rectum and anal canal differ?

Answer 10

Rectum: VA fibers accompanying middle rectal vessels

Anal canal: SA innervation via pudendal nerves

Question 11

How does hemorrhoid development of the rectum and anal canal differ?

Answer 11

Rectum: internal hemorrhoids

Anal canal: external hemorrhoids (relatively more painful)

Question 12

What 3 structures helps anchor the ovaries?

Answer 12

1. Broad ligament (posterolateral)
2. Suspensory ovarian ligament
3. Ovarian ligament

Question 13

What recesses are found in female abdomen/perineal region

Answer 13

1. Vesicouterine pouch (between bladder and uterus)

2. Rectouterine pouch (between rectum and uterus)