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Gross Anatomy--Block 2 CC > Stomach, Celiac Trunk, Liver, Gall Bladder, Spleen > Flashcards

Stomach, Celiac Trunk, Liver, Gall Bladder, Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two surfaces of the stomach?

A

Anterior and Posterior

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2
Q

What borders the stomach?

A

The lesser curvature and greater curvature, and the angular notch

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3
Q

What are the two orifices of the stomach?

A

The cardiac/cardial notch and the pyloric sphincter

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4
Q

The cardia, fundus, body and pyloric part are areas of the _____.

A

Stomach

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5
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A

Storage, Mixing, Physical Breakdown, Chemical Breakdown, Controlled Release

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6
Q

What does the stomach use for storage? What causes the wrinkling?

A

Rugae; The muscular layer

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7
Q

Chyme is a

A

semifluid mixture of partly digested food w/water and gastric juice; creamy medium

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8
Q

The physical breakdown of food within the stomach is through

A

smooth muscle of the muscularies externa and HCL

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9
Q

The chemical breakdown within the stomach uses

A

Pepsin

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10
Q

The _____ regulates the movement of chyme into the small intestine.

A

pyloric sphincter

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11
Q

This inner layer of the stomach contains gastric pits that penetrate deep within the layer, forming ducts whose walls are lined with various gastric glands.

A

Mucosa

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12
Q

____ secrete mucus; Superficial Cells

A

Mucous surface cells

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13
Q

_____ line the upper walls/necks of the ducts; they also secrete mucus

A

Mucous neck cells

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14
Q

_______ secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

A

Parietal (Oxyntic) cells

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15
Q

The dorsal aorta becomes the abdominal aorta at the

A

aortic hiatus

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16
Q

The abdominal aorta ends by

A

dividing into the left and right common iliac arteries

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17
Q

Name the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta:

A

1) Celiac Trunk
2) Superior Mesenteric artery
3) Inferior Mesenteric artery
4) Median Sacral artery

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18
Q

Name the paired branches of the abdominal aorta:

A

1) Inferior Phrenic arteries
2) Middle suprarenal arteries
3) Renal arteries
4) Gonadal arteries
5) Lumbar arteries

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19
Q

The Celiac Trunk is composed of the

A

1) Left Gastric Artery
2) Splenic Artery
3) Common Hepatic Artery

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20
Q

The ____ artery is the smallest branch of the celiac trunk

A

Left Gastric

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21
Q

The Left Gastric artery supplies the

A

esophagus and stomach

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22
Q

True/False: The Left Gastric Artery is an anastomoses with the Right Gastric Artery

A

True

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23
Q

The ____ is the largest branch of the celiac trunk

A

Splenic artery

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24
Q

This is in relationship to splenorenal ligament

A

Splenic artery

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25
Q

What does the Fundus of the stomach typically hold?

A

Gas

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26
Q

Peristalis is the _____ via smooth mucle of the mucularis externa and HCl

A

Physical Breakdown

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27
Q

The splenic artery supplies ____

A

the pancreas, stomach, greater omentum, spleen

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28
Q

The Enterendocrine cells are also referred to as the

A

“G cells”

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29
Q

The Chief (Zygomenic) cells

A

secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase

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30
Q

These cells secrete various hormones that diffuse into nearby blood vessels.

A

Enteroendocrine cells/”G cells”

31
Q

Gastrin stimulating other glands in the stomach to increase their output is an example of what?

A

The Enteroendocrine cells/”G-cells”

32
Q

The Unpaired branches come off of the

A

anterior surface of the abdominal aorta

33
Q

The Paired branches come off of the

A

lateral surface of the abdominal aorta

34
Q

The Common Hepatic artery divides into __ branches:

A

2; proper hepatic artery and the gastroduodenal artery

35
Q

The proper hepatic artery divides into __ branches:

A

2; left hepatic artery and the right hepatic artery

36
Q

The Right Hepatic Artery supplies the _____ via the _____

A

gallbladder; cystic artery

37
Q

True/False: The Right Gastric Artery anastomoses with the Left Gastric Artery

38
Q

What are the two surfaces of the liver?

A

Diaphragmatic and Visceral

39
Q

Name the lobes of the liver.

A

Left, Right, Caudate, Quadrate

40
Q

Which lobe of the liver is superior?

41
Q

What does the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein form?

A

The Hepatic Portal Vein

42
Q

The ____ empties into the Splenic vein

A

Inferior Mesenteric Vein

43
Q

The veins that empty into the Hepatic Portal Vein are:

A 
The inferior Mesenteric Vein, 
The Left Gastric Vein, the Right Gastric Vein, 
Cystic Vein
Superior Mesenteric Vein, 
Splenic Vein
44
Q

This vein drains blood from the stomach, large intestine and the small intestine.

A

The Superior Mesenteric Vein

45
Q

This vein drains blood from the stomach, spleen, and the pancreas.

A

Splenic Vein

46
Q

This vein drains blood from the large intestine and the rectum.

A

The Inferior Mesenteric Vein

47
Q

The left gastric vein and the right gastric vein drain blood from the _____

48
Q

This vein drains blood from the gall bladder.

A

The Cystic Vein

49
Q

The ______ delivers deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the liver; contributes ___ of the blood.

A

Hepatic Portal vein; 70%

50
Q

The _____ delivers oxygenated blood to the liver; contributes to ___ of the blood.

A

Proper Hepatic Artery; 30%

51
Q

The ____ & _____ divide into smaller and smaller branches until the deoxygenated & oxygenated blood mix in liver sinusoids.

A

Hepatic Portal Vein & Proper Hepatic Artery

52
Q

____ are the blood capillaries within the liver

A

Sinusoids of the liver

53
Q

These are wider than typical capillaries

A

Sinusoids of the liver

54
Q

The Sinusoids of the liver contain specialized cells called

A

Kupffer’s cells

55
Q

These are phagocytic cells that remove bacteria and other debris from the blood.

A

Kupffer’s cells

56
Q

The Kupffer’s cells are also referred to as

A

Stellate Reticuloendothelial Cells

57
Q

After the blood is processed within the sinusoids, the blood flows into _____ which empty into the Inferior Vena Cava.

A

Hepatic Veins

58
Q

The _____ returns venous blood from the lower half of the body to the heart

A

Inferior Vena Cava

59
Q

The Inferior Vena Cava is formed by the union of

A

2 common iliac veins

60
Q

The ____ pierces the diaphragm at level of T8 and almost immediately terminates in the lower part of the right atrium.

A

Inferior Vena Cava

61
Q

___ is produced by the liver as part of its digestive function.

62
Q

Bile is stored within the

A

gall bladder

63
Q

____ is alkaline (pH 7 1/2 - 8 1/2)

64
Q

This is a yellowish, brownish, olive-green liquid.

65
Q

Bile consists of

A

bile salts, bile pigments, phospholipids, cholesterol, various ions.

66
Q

The primary bile pigment is called

A

Bilirubin.

67
Q

Jaundice is a yellowish coloration of the___ due to the ____ within the body.

A

sclera of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes; buildup of bilirubin

68
Q

In the liver, ___ is processed and eventually excreted into ____.

A

Bilirubin; bile

69
Q

Name the 4 categories of Jaundice.

A
  1. Prehepatic Jaundice
  2. Hepatic Jaundice
  3. Extrahepatic Jaundice
  4. Neontal (physiological) Jaundice
70
Q

This is due to an excess production of bilirubin.

A

Prehepatic Jaundice

71
Q

This is due to congenital liver diseases, cirrohosis of the liver, or hepatitis

A

Hepatic Jaundice

72
Q

This is due to the blockage of bile drainage by gallstones or cancer of the bowel or cancer of the pancreas.

A

Extrahepatic Jaundice

73
Q

This is due to newborns poorly functioning liver for the first week or so; Will disappear as the liver matures.

A

Neonatal (Physiological) Jaundice

74
Q

What is the (early) treatment for the Neonatal (Physiological) Jaundice?

A

Exposing the infant to blue light which converts bilirubin into substances the kidneys can excrete.

Gross Anatomy--Block 2 CC (8 decks)

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