Stomach, Celiac Trunk, Liver, Gall Bladder, Spleen

Question 1

What are the two surfaces of the stomach?

Answer 1

Anterior and Posterior

Question 2

What borders the stomach?

Answer 2

The lesser curvature and greater curvature, and the angular notch

Question 3

What are the two orifices of the stomach?

Answer 3

The cardiac/cardial notch and the pyloric sphincter

Question 4

The cardia, fundus, body and pyloric part are areas of the _____.

Answer 4

Stomach

Question 5

What are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 5

Storage, Mixing, Physical Breakdown, Chemical Breakdown, Controlled Release

Question 6

What does the stomach use for storage? What causes the wrinkling?

Answer 6

Rugae; The muscular layer

Question 7

Chyme is a

Answer 7

semifluid mixture of partly digested food w/water and gastric juice; creamy medium

Question 8

The physical breakdown of food within the stomach is through

Answer 8

smooth muscle of the muscularies externa and HCL

Question 9

The chemical breakdown within the stomach uses

Answer 9

Pepsin

Question 10

The _____ regulates the movement of chyme into the small intestine.

Answer 10

pyloric sphincter

Question 11

This inner layer of the stomach contains gastric pits that penetrate deep within the layer, forming ducts whose walls are lined with various gastric glands.

Answer 11

Mucosa

Question 12

____ secrete mucus; Superficial Cells

Answer 12

Mucous surface cells

Question 13

_____ line the upper walls/necks of the ducts; they also secrete mucus

Answer 13

Mucous neck cells

Question 14

_______ secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

Answer 14

Parietal (Oxyntic) cells

Question 15

The dorsal aorta becomes the abdominal aorta at the

Answer 15

aortic hiatus

Question 16

The abdominal aorta ends by

Answer 16

dividing into the left and right common iliac arteries

Question 17

Name the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta:

Answer 17

1) Celiac Trunk
2) Superior Mesenteric artery
3) Inferior Mesenteric artery
4) Median Sacral artery

Question 18

Name the paired branches of the abdominal aorta:

Answer 18

1) Inferior Phrenic arteries
2) Middle suprarenal arteries
3) Renal arteries
4) Gonadal arteries
5) Lumbar arteries

Question 19

The Celiac Trunk is composed of the

Answer 19

1) Left Gastric Artery
2) Splenic Artery
3) Common Hepatic Artery

Question 20

The ____ artery is the smallest branch of the celiac trunk

Answer 20

Left Gastric

Question 21

The Left Gastric artery supplies the

Answer 21

esophagus and stomach

Question 22

True/False: The Left Gastric Artery is an anastomoses with the Right Gastric Artery

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The ____ is the largest branch of the celiac trunk

Answer 23

Splenic artery

Question 24

This is in relationship to splenorenal ligament

Answer 24

Splenic artery

Question 25

What does the Fundus of the stomach typically hold?

Answer 25

Gas

Question 26

Peristalis is the _____ via smooth mucle of the mucularis externa and HCl

Answer 26

Physical Breakdown

Question 27

The splenic artery supplies ____

Answer 27

the pancreas, stomach, greater omentum, spleen

Question 28

The Enterendocrine cells are also referred to as the

Answer 28

"G cells"

Question 29

The Chief (Zygomenic) cells

Answer 29

secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Question 30

These cells secrete various hormones that diffuse into nearby blood vessels.

Answer 30

Enteroendocrine cells/"G cells"

Question 31

Gastrin stimulating other glands in the stomach to increase their output is an example of what?

Answer 31

The Enteroendocrine cells/"G-cells"

Question 32

The Unpaired branches come off of the

Answer 32

anterior surface of the abdominal aorta

Question 33

The Paired branches come off of the

Answer 33

lateral surface of the abdominal aorta

Question 34

The Common Hepatic artery divides into __ branches:

Answer 34

2; proper hepatic artery and the gastroduodenal artery

Question 35

The proper hepatic artery divides into __ branches:

Answer 35

2; left hepatic artery and the right hepatic artery

Question 36

The Right Hepatic Artery supplies the _____ via the _____

Answer 36

gallbladder; cystic artery

Question 37

True/False: The Right Gastric Artery anastomoses with the Left Gastric Artery

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What are the two surfaces of the liver?

Answer 38

Diaphragmatic and Visceral

Question 39

Name the lobes of the liver.

Answer 39

Left, Right, Caudate, Quadrate

Question 40

Which lobe of the liver is superior?

Answer 40

Caudate

Question 41

What does the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein form?

Answer 41

The Hepatic Portal Vein

Question 42

The ____ empties into the Splenic vein

Answer 42

Inferior Mesenteric Vein

Question 43

The veins that empty into the Hepatic Portal Vein are:

Answer 43

``` The inferior Mesenteric Vein, The Left Gastric Vein, the Right Gastric Vein, Cystic Vein Superior Mesenteric Vein, Splenic Vein ```

Question 44

This vein drains blood from the stomach, large intestine and the small intestine.

Answer 44

The Superior Mesenteric Vein

Question 45

This vein drains blood from the stomach, spleen, and the pancreas.

Answer 45

Splenic Vein

Question 46

This vein drains blood from the large intestine and the rectum.

Answer 46

The Inferior Mesenteric Vein

Question 47

The left gastric vein and the right gastric vein drain blood from the _____

Answer 47

stomach

Question 48

This vein drains blood from the gall bladder.

Answer 48

The Cystic Vein

Question 49

The ______ delivers deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the liver; contributes ___ of the blood.

Answer 49

Hepatic Portal vein; 70%

Question 50

The _____ delivers oxygenated blood to the liver; contributes to ___ of the blood.

Answer 50

Proper Hepatic Artery; 30%

Question 51

The ____ & _____ divide into smaller and smaller branches until the deoxygenated & oxygenated blood mix in liver sinusoids.

Answer 51

Hepatic Portal Vein & Proper Hepatic Artery

Question 52

____ are the blood capillaries within the liver

Answer 52

Sinusoids of the liver

Question 53

These are wider than typical capillaries

Answer 53

Sinusoids of the liver

Question 54

The Sinusoids of the liver contain specialized cells called

Answer 54

Kupffer's cells

Question 55

These are phagocytic cells that remove bacteria and other debris from the blood.

Answer 55

Kupffer's cells

Question 56

The Kupffer's cells are also referred to as

Answer 56

Stellate Reticuloendothelial Cells

Question 57

After the blood is processed within the sinusoids, the blood flows into _____ which empty into the Inferior Vena Cava.

Answer 57

Hepatic Veins

Question 58

The _____ returns venous blood from the lower half of the body to the heart

Answer 58

Inferior Vena Cava

Question 59

The Inferior Vena Cava is formed by the union of

Answer 59

2 common iliac veins

Question 60

The ____ pierces the diaphragm at level of T8 and almost immediately terminates in the lower part of the right atrium.

Answer 60

Inferior Vena Cava

Question 61

___ is produced by the liver as part of its digestive function.

Answer 61

Bile

Question 62

Bile is stored within the

Answer 62

gall bladder

Question 63

____ is alkaline (pH 7 1/2 - 8 1/2)

Answer 63

Bile

Question 64

This is a yellowish, brownish, olive-green liquid.

Answer 64

Bile

Question 65

Bile consists of

Answer 65

bile salts, bile pigments, phospholipids, cholesterol, various ions.

Question 66

The primary bile pigment is called

Answer 66

Bilirubin.

Question 67

Jaundice is a yellowish coloration of the___ due to the ____ within the body.

Answer 67

sclera of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes; buildup of bilirubin

Question 68

In the liver, ___ is processed and eventually excreted into ____.

Answer 68

Bilirubin; bile

Question 69

Name the 4 categories of Jaundice.

Answer 69

1. Prehepatic Jaundice 2. Hepatic Jaundice 3. Extrahepatic Jaundice 4. Neontal (physiological) Jaundice

Question 70

This is due to an excess production of bilirubin.

Answer 70

Prehepatic Jaundice

Question 71

This is due to congenital liver diseases, cirrohosis of the liver, or hepatitis

Answer 71

Hepatic Jaundice

Question 72

This is due to the blockage of bile drainage by gallstones or cancer of the bowel or cancer of the pancreas.

Answer 72

Extrahepatic Jaundice

Question 73

This is due to newborns poorly functioning liver for the first week or so; Will disappear as the liver matures.

Answer 73

Neonatal (Physiological) Jaundice

Question 74

What is the (early) treatment for the Neonatal (Physiological) Jaundice?

Answer 74

Exposing the infant to blue light which converts bilirubin into substances the kidneys can excrete.