Clinical Correlates: The Kidneys Flashcards
Type 1 diabetes was previously known as
juvenile diabetes
Only ___% of people diagnosed with diabetes have Type 1.
5
In this form of diabetes, the body does not produce insulin.
Type 1
In this form of diabetes, the body has an insulin resistance.
Type 2
Diabetes can be considered a disease of small blood vessels or a ______________ disease
microvascular
When diabetes affects the large blood vessels, it will lead to atherosclerosis, eventually leading to _____ and _____.
heart attack and stroke
______ are the leading cause of death amongst long term diabetics
Heart attacks
_______ is the leading cause of long term complications in diabetics
Microvascular Disease
Name some long term complications that may occur with untreated hyperglycemia. (9 things)
- Cardiovascular disease
- Nerve damage (neuropathy)
- Kidney damage (nephropathy) or Kidney Failure
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Cataract
- Feet problems (due to poor circulation)
- Bone/Joint problems
- Skin problems (fungal infections/nonhealing wounds)
- Teeth and gum infections
Name three microvascular complications that we encounter most in clinic:
- retinopathy
- nephropathy
- neuropathy
Name the two categories of Retinopathy:
Nonprofilerative and proliferative
______ retinopathy can be recognized by development and microaneurysms, venous loops, retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates, soft exudates.
Nonproliferative
______ retinopathy is defined as presence of new blood vessels with or without vitreous hemorrhage. What does it represent?
Proliferative; represents progression of nonproliferative retinopathy
Small vessel damage leads to leakage of…? What does this lead to?
Fluid, protein and blood which leads to damage to the retina
