Small Intestine, Pancreas, Large Intestine and Mesenteric Arteries

Question 1

Internal Appearance of the Duodenum of the Small Intestine

Answer 1

1st part: mucosa is smooth

2nd-4th part(s): mucosa and submucosa form numerous folds

Question 2

In the Duodenum of the small intestine, we have the MAJOR duodenal papilla, which

Answer 2

contains the opening of the hepatopancreatic ampulla and the longitudinal fold of the duodenum.

Question 3

In the Duodenum of the small intestine, we have the MINOR duodenal papilla, which

Answer 3

contains the opening of accessory pancreatic duct

Question 4

The Jejunum and ileum of the small intestine both

Answer 4

are freely mobile and attach to the posterior abdominal wll by the mesentary of the small intestine

Question 5

How many arcades (of the Mesentary) does the Jejunum contain?

Answer 5

1-2

Question 6

How many arcades (of the Mesentary) does the Ileum contain?

Answer 6

3+

Question 7

Is the vasa recta (of the mesentary) for the Jejunum long or short?

Answer 7

Long

Question 8

Is the vasa recta (of the mesentary) for the Ileum long or short?

Answer 8

Short

Question 9

Describe the circular folds for the Jejunum and Ileum.

Answer 9

Jejunum: Large and many
Ileum: Few and small

Question 10

How many lymphatic nodules can be in the Peyer’s patches of the mucosa & submusoca of the ileum?

Answer 10

10-200

Question 11

The _______ makes up 99% of the pancreatic cells.

Answer 11

exocrine portion

Question 12

The islets of Langerhans (insulin) makes up only ___ of the pancreatic cells.

Answer 12

1%

Question 13

What glands are associated with the Duodenum? What do they secrete?

Answer 13

Brunner’s glands (of the submucosa) secrete mucus

Question 14

What are pancreatic acini?

Answer 14

Clusters of exocrine cels

Question 15

What do the pancreatic acini produce?

Answer 15

Digestive enzymes

Question 16

What does the Hepatopancreatic Ampulla Sphincter?

Answer 16

Muscle that controls the release of digestive juices?

Question 17

What is the difference between the Hepatopancreatic Ampulla vs the Hepatopancreatic Ampulla Sphincter?

Answer 17

HAS–> muscle???

HA– combined duct

Question 18

The _____ exits the pancreas and merges with the common bile duct (from the liver & gall bladder).

Answer 18

Main Pancreatic Duct

Question 19

The combined duct, _________, enters the duodenum and is visible (within duodenum) as Major Duodenal Papilla

Answer 19

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla

Question 20

A much smaller, second duct, _______, exits the pancreas to empty into the duodenum at the Minor Duodenal papilla.

Answer 20

Accessory Pancreatic Duct

Question 21

What is the path of bile flow from the liver into the duodenum?

Answer 21

Right & Left Hepatic Ducts –> Common Hepatic Duct –> Common Bile Duct –> Hepatopancreatic Ampulla

Question 22

The Teniae coli, Omental appendices (Epiploic appendencies) and Haustra are all external features of the

Answer 22

Large Intestine

Question 23

_____ are abundant within the Large Intestine

Answer 23

Goblet Cells

Question 24

Name the internal features of the Cecum.

Answer 24

Ileal orifice and the orifice of the appendix

Question 25

This orifice is located within the medial wall, contains superior and inferior lips or ileal papilla.

Answer 25

Ileal orifice

Question 26

When are the superior and inferior lips formed on the ileocecal valve?

Answer 26

Post-mortem

Question 27

When does the ileal papilla occur?

Answer 27

In vivo

Question 28

Where is the orifice of the appendix located within the cecum?

Answer 28

It is located inferior to the ileal orifice.

Question 29

The Appendix contains large groupings of ____

Answer 29

lympathic nodules

Question 30

Where are the lympathic nodules located in the appendix?

Answer 30

In the lamina propria of mucosa and a few in the submucosa

Question 31

It is normal to experience ____ with Appendicitis?

Answer 31

nausea and vomiting

Question 32

Describe Appendicitis

Answer 32

Onset occurs as mild pain near umbilicus Couple hours later, may experience pain and tenderness within RLQ over McBurney's Point May experience Nausea & Vomiting

Question 33

Name the 5 branches of the superior Mesenteric Artery

Answer 33

``` Inferior Pancreaticodudodenal Artery Middle Colic Artery Right Colic Artery Ileocolic Artery Intestinal/Jejunal & Ileal Arteries ```

Question 34

What are the 3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 34

Left Colic Artery, Sigmoid Arteries, Superior Rectal Artery

Question 35

What does the inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Supply?

Answer 35

Pancreas and Duodenum

Question 36

What does the Middle Colic Artery Supply?

Answer 36

Transverse Colon

Question 37

What does the Right Colic Artery Supply?

Answer 37

Ascending colon & Transverse Colon

Question 38

What does the Ileolocolic Artery Supply?

Answer 38

Terminal ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon

Question 39

What do the Intestinal/Jejunal & Ileal Arteries form?

Answer 39

Arterial arcades --> straight arteries supplying intestinal wall

Question 40

What does the Left Colic Artery Supply?

Answer 40

Transverse Colon and Descending Colon

Question 41

What do the Sigmoid Arteries Supply?

Answer 41

Sigmoid Colon

Question 42

What does the Superior Rectal Artery Supply?

Answer 42

Rectum and Anal Canal