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Neuro II > Stoke and CVA > Flashcards

Stoke and CVA Flashcards

1
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

CVA

old term for stroke, may still be heard in hospitals

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2
Q

penumbra

A

area around infarct that is not dead yet that clinicians are trying to save w/Tx

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3
Q

causes of ischemic stroke

A

large a thrombosis
embolism
lacunar

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4
Q

sources of embolic strokes

A

arterial (carotid, aorta)
heart (atrial, ventricular, valvular)
paradoxical emboli

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5
Q

other causes of ischemic stroke

A 
watershed infarcts
hypercoagulable disorders
vasculitis
vasospasm
moyamoya
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6
Q

large artery thrombosis

A

bascially like a MI of brain
best type of stroke to treat w/tPA
plaques rupture -> platelets -> WBC -> block aa

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7
Q

atrial sources of emboli

A

A fib/flutter (most common)
atrial septal aneurysm (congenital)
atrial tumors/myoxoma

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8
Q

ventricular sources of emboli

A

cardiomyopathy
MI (most common)
ventricular aneurysms (most common post MI)

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9
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

weak and dilated ventricle isn’t pumping efficiently -> blood stasis and thrombus formation
hypertrophic usually forms the clot

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10
Q

MI

A

part of wall is not moving, creating stasis -> mural thrombosis

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11
Q

valvular cardiac emboli

A 
rheumatic mitral stenosis
prosthetic valves 
infective and non-infective endocarditis
nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (CA)
calcific valves
bicuspid aortic valves
inflammatory valvulitis
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12
Q

carotid a artherosclerosis/stenosis

A

may cause embolic or thrombotic strokes

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13
Q

lacunar infarct

A

-forms in subCx areas of brain supplied by small deep penetrating aa arising from big aa
-BP does not decrease in smaller vessels of brain like it does elsewhere in body, therefore HTN can be devastating to the small vessels of the brain
-may be d/t atheroemboli or lipohyalinosis
frequently asymptomatic

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14
Q

watershed infarcts

A

when MAP <60

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15
Q

disorders which are more likely to cause arterial clotting

A

antiphospholipid Ab syndrome
anticardiolipid Abs
lupus anticoagulants
hperhomocysteinemia

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16
Q

other hypercoagulable states

A 
CA
prego (increased E)
hormone replacement therapy 
prolonged bedrest/immobility, MI, stroke
myeloproliferative disorders (polycythemia vera or essential throbocytosis)
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17
Q

vasospasm

A

usually caused by cocaine

subarachnoid bleed

18
Q

myoyamoya disease

A

poorly understood occlusive disease involving large intracranial aa

19
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness on one side of body

20
Q

hemiplegia

A

complete paralysis of one side of body

21
Q

homonymous hemianopsia

A

aka hemianopia

loss of vision in same visual field of both eyes

22
Q

aclculia

A

cannot form simple math task

23
Q

agnosia

A

inabiliyt to recognize objects, persons, shapes, smells

24
Q

alexia

A

inability to read

25
Q

agraphia

A

inability to write

26
Q

dyarthria

A

slurred speech

27
Q

apraxia

A

inability to perform simple task

28
Q

anosognosia

A

unawareness or denial of diability

29
Q

anomia

A

difficulty w/recalling words or names

30
Q

middle cerebral a syndrome

A

-most common ischemic stroke syndrome b/c MCA supplies a major area of Cx
-c/l hemiplegia and sensation loss
c/l homonymous hemianopsia

31
Q

middle cerebral a syndrome on dominant side

A

most common

aphasia, alexia, agraphia, acalcula, finger agnoisa, R/L confusion

32
Q

middle cerebral a syndrome on non-dominant side

A

u/l neglect
dressing apraxia
anosognosia
constructional apraxia

33
Q

anterior a syndrome

A

c/l sensory and motor loss of lower extremity

loss of bladder control

34
Q

posterior cerebral a syndrome

A

homocymous hemianopsia
alexia w/o agraphia
visual or color anomia

35
Q

lateral pontine syndrome

A

AICA
ataxia
weakness
hemisensory loss (pain and temp)

36
Q

lateral medullary syndrome

A 
aka wallenberg syndrome
PICA
facial sensory and pain loss 
ataxia
nystagmus
vertigo
hoarseness
dysphagia
horner syndrome
hemisensory loss
hiccups
37
Q

basilar a strokes

A 
locked in syndrome
lateral potine syndrome
ventral pontine syndrome
ventral potine syndrome
ataxic hemiparesis
cortical blindess
38
Q

amaurosis fugax

A

transient mono-ocular blindness
loss of vision in 1 eye for a few hours
often sign of ischemic stroke from carotid

39
Q

TIA

A

same symptoms and etiology of stoke, but lasts <24 hrs

40
Q

rtPA Tx

A

must be given w/in 3hrs of onset
intravenous or intra-arterial
have to have a thrombus for this to work
must do CT to rule our hemorrhage

41
Q

race risk for stroke

A

african americans and hispanics higher risk of stroke, and have higher mortality

42
Q

stroke and gender

A

more men have strokes

more women die from strokes

Neuro II (22 decks)

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