images III Flashcards
Asphyxia and Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) in mature infants
Thalamic calcification (bright CT signal) post perinatal HIE
Triangular appearance d/t loss of grey and white matter from watershed necrosis
Multicystic encephalopathy d/t HIE
Severe brain atrophy following HIE from neonatal meningitis. The cerebral hemispheres have been transformed into a thin walled sac, similar to hydranencephaly
Classic PVL. Bilateral cavitated white matter lesions in a constant distribution, involving frontal and occipital lobes.
Old PVL. Severe loss of white matter, atrophy of the corpus callosum, and dilatation of the lateral ventricles. Notice angulated contour of the ventricles.
Acute PVL. Coagulative white matter necrosis adjacent to the lateral ventricle. The clusters of small cells are residual germinal matrix.
These foci can become cystic/ cavitate or become scars which are called “noncystic white matter injury (WMI)”
PVL. Calcification of the necrotic areas gives them a blue color on H&E.
Cystic PVL-MRI of early lesions. Periventricular
PVL.
Ultrasound of early lesions.
Echodensity in the left hemisphere; echolucency (early cavitation) in the right.
GERMINAL MATRIX HEMORRHAGE
b/l germinal matrix hemorrhage
Porencephaly- Confined to parenchyma
no gliosis or calcification, indicating that the lesion occurred early in gestation.
Schizencephaly- Communicates with subarachnoid space
Schizencephaly
Communicates with subarachnoid space
Hydranencepahaly. The cerebrum is replaced by a cyst.
The preserved temporal lobe is visible on the right side of the picture. The cerebellum and brainstem are also preserved.
Hydranencephaly. The head transilluminates.
Kernicterus.
Bilirubin staining of the thalamus and basal ganglia.
Holoprosencephaly-incomplete separation of cerebral hemispheres
across the midline
Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia (PNH)
Lissencephaly (Smooth brain)
Polymicrogyria
-grey matter 4 or less layers
Polymicrogyria
