Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro II > intro to neuropath, CSF, and brain trauma > Flashcards

intro to neuropath, CSF, and brain trauma Flashcards

1
Q

what is the preferred imaging modality for brain

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when reading a CT what are you looking for

A 
Blood Can Be Very Bad:
blood
cisterns
brain
ventricles
bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

blood

A

appears bright white if fresh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cisterns

A

is there blood?

are the cisterns open?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

brain

A

symmetry
grey-white differentiation
shift
hyper/hypodensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ring-enchancing lesion

A

d/t to vessel proliferation
abscesses
glioblastoma
mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T1 weighted MRI

A

like CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T2 weighted MRI

A

water is bright- pathology easier to see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what stain is needed to visualize dendrites and axons?

A

silver stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chromatolysis

A

when nissl bodies migrate towards periphery following axonal injury
reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nissl bodies

A

RER aggregates

stain blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pink neurons

A

aka anoxic neurons
d/t hypoxia, ischemia, hypoglycemia
irreversible neuronal injury
neurons shrink, become eosinphillic d/t condensation of mito, and nuclei become pyknoitc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

astrocytes

A

stain GFAP positive

help stimulate and maintain tight jnxs of BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

glial lamina-layer

A

formed by astrocytes
coverers brain parenchyma
wraps large vessels of brain and dives deep with these vessels all the way to, but NOT including capillaries
provides avenue for infection to penetrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

alzheimer type II astrocytes

A

d/t hepatic encephalopathy or cerebral ischemia
astrocytes enlarge and their nuclei are large and appear clear in H&E
dendritic processes do not cover vessels well -> leaks -> potentiates edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gliosis

A

most important histopathologic indicator of chronic CNS injury
characterized by astrocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

virchow-robbin space

A

space created by glial lamina layer of astrocytes
ends at capillaries
fills with neutrophils with infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

blood in CSF

A

if blood stains fluid initially, but then clears most likely that the needle punctures a vessels, if the blood does not clear indicated subarachnoid hemorrhage

19
Q

xanthocrhomia

A

blonde color CSF
following subarachnoid hemorrahge d/t oxyhemoglobin which appears in 4-6 hours and bilirubin which appears in 2 days
may also be seen w/jaundice

20
Q

causes of bloody CSF

A

SAH
intracerebral hemorrhage
cerebral infarct
traumatic spinal tap

21
Q

hemosiderin laden marcophages

A

aka sideriphages

seen in CSF post SAH

22
Q

neutrophilillia of CSF

A 
meningitis
bac, viral, tubercular, mycotic, amoebic infections
abscesses
AIDs related CMV
post seizures
post hemorrhage
repeated LPs
foreign material
mets
23
Q

lymphocytosis of CSF

A

meningitis (viral, tubercular, fungal, syphilitic, lepto, parasitic)
degenerative disorders
subacutre sclerosing panencephalitis, MS, drug abuse enchephalopathy, GB,
sarcoidosis, polyneuritis, CNS periarteritis, Handl syndrome

24
Q

what should you test for to confirm CSF Rhinorrhea

A

beta 2-transferrin

25
Q

how do you localize a CSF leak

A

injection of intrathecal fluroescein

26
Q

what are the primary ventricle tumors

A

choroid plexus papilloma
choroid plexus carcinoma (rare)
ependymoma

27
Q

choroid plexus papilloma

A 
rare
kids- lateral ventricels
adults- 4th ventricle 
produces increased CSF -> hydrocephalus
obstruction -> hydrocephalus
28
Q

ependymoma

A

mostly kids and adolescents
begin to loose coordination and become ataxic
usually 4th ventricle -> obstructive hydrocephalus
well demarcated
good prognosis w/skilled surgeon

29
Q

epidural hematoma

A

lens shaped
confined by sutures of skull
aa supply bleed

30
Q

subdural hematoma

A

brr that traverese the subdural space can be stretched and torn
more common in young and old bc this space is larger
half-moon shaped, not confined by sutures

31
Q

hygroma

A

chronic subdural hematoma

32
Q

traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

one-punch -> dead
C1 severs vertebral aa -> massive hemorrhage
berry aneurysm another type of subarachnoid bleed

33
Q

hypoxic ischemic event

A

blood in subarachnoid space has toxic effect on vessels -> vasoconstrict -> global ischemia -> glial death -> dump contents -> more edema

34
Q

Shaken baby syndrome tirad

A

1) enchephalopathy
2) subdural hematomas- brain is farther from dura in children and brr more likely to be broken
3) retinal hemorrhages - vitreous humor moves and severs retinal attachment
may also have DAI

35
Q

Cerebral contusions

A

hemorrhagic necrosis of brain tissue

coup-contre-coup

36
Q

diffuse axonal injury (DAI)

A

most frequently in MVAs and football/boxing
axons of deep white matter stretched
if severe -> allerian degeneration
CNS oligodendrocytes CANNOT regenerate to remyelinate damages axons

37
Q

DAI pathophys

A

get swellings at site of injury d/t accumulation of beta amyloid precursor protein
do not confuse w/red neurons

38
Q

red/pink neurons

A

early reversible damage

39
Q

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

A

d/t repeated concussions and DAI -> build up of tau protein

40
Q

subfalcine herniation

A

small herniation at base of falx cerebri above corpus collosum
not usually of clinical significance
may cause compression of ANCA

41
Q

central herniation

A

CNVI compromised - lateral rectus palsy

b/l uncal herniation -hemiparesis or full paresis to coma

42
Q

uncal transtentorial herniation

A

CNIII compromised- blown pupil
compression of PCA - primary visual Cx
cortocospinal tract - hemiplagia, coma

43
Q

tonsillar herniation

A

brain stem compromise with respiratory and cardiac effects -> death

44
Q

duret hemorrhage

A

d/t to compression of brain stem

get hemorrhages in pons

Neuro II (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions