Eye Path Flashcards
limbus
where cornea and sclera fuse
retinal a occlusion
usually d/t:
- atheromatous emboli from i/l internal carotid stenosis
- stenosis from HTN or DM
- vasculitis
TIA of retinal a
amaurosis fugax- browing out or loss of vision from one wyw for about 10 min
usually caused by i/l internal a stenosis
anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
short post ciliary aa -> supply ant optic n
occulsion results in sudden vision loss in one eye
classic onset is upon wakening
sometimes seen in temporal arteritis
what are the layers covering eye
lipid/oil layer
aqueous/water layer
mucin layer- adheres tears to eye
meibomain glands
create the lipid layer of tear film
blockage can lead to evaporative dry eye
Stye
acute inflammation of gland of Zeis and/or orifice of meibomian gland
usually staph
usually clears in 7 days
very painful
chalazion
aka meibomian gland lipogranuloma lipogranulomataous inflammatory rxn to sebum in tissues (foreign body rxn) secondary to obstruction of gland subacture to chronic painless weeks-months surgical, abx if infected
xanthelasma palpebratum
soft of sligthly raided yellow papulfes and plauqes
in inner canthus
seen in hyperlipemic and normolipemic pts
foamy lipid-laden histiocytes in dermis
surgery
nevi
congenital or acquired (most)
spilt nevus-rare congenital form on eyelids
junctional nevus
at interface of epi and dermis
compound nevus
dermis and epi
dermal nevus
confined to dermis
basal cell carcinoma
most common eyelid malignancy
lower lid >medial canthus> upper lid > outer canthus
sebaceous carcinoma
elderly
F>M
asians
can mimic chalazion or chronic belpharoconjunctivitis
malignant cells with foamy, lipid-laden cytoplasm, necrosis, pagetoid invasion
pinguecula
asmptomatic, small, yellowish submucosal nodule at limbus
adults and older, but seen in young with lots of sun exposure
typical in tropical locations
conjuntival sequivalent of solar elastosis of skin
no Tx needed
pterygium
submucosal growth of CT that migrates into cornea
resutls from UV, dust, and wind damage
removed
examine histo to check for CA
viral ulcerative keratitis
herpes simplex most common cuase of central corneal ulver (dendritic shape)
herpes zoster
bacterial ulcerative keratitis
psudomonas and S. aureus
associated with cosmetics or contacts
mycotic ulcerative keratitis
aspergillosis
candida
fusarium
parasitic ulcerative keratitis
microsporidia
amebic keratitis
hot tubs, contacts, fresh water exposure often presents as an irregular dendritiform epithelial keratitis often mis-diagnosied as herpes simplex later progresses to a ring ulcer calcoflour white staining for Dx
karatoconus
degenerative deformation of corneal curvature
irregular myopic astigmatism
usually b/l
progressive visual distortion
corrective lenses, lasik, cornela transplant
munsosn sign
when pt looks down the cones in each eye cause the lower lids to bulge in keratoconus
lenticonus
should not be confused with keratoconus
its is a deformity of the lens that occurs in alports disease
age related macular degeneration
loss of central vision
>75
dry or wet
dry degeneration
by far most common type
no neogenesis
deposits in Brush membrane and atrophy of retinal pigmented epi
no available Tx
wet degeneration
linked to Cā factor H
neogenesis with proliferation of capillaries in choroidal membranes all the way into photoreceptors
can be Tx with anti-neogenesis agents
retinoblastoma
most common intraocular tumor of childhood
90% Dx <3yrs of age
30-40% b/l and associated with germ line mutations
retinoblastoma gene Chr 13
Tx of retinoblastoma
enucleation photocoagulative ablation and hyperthermia cyrotherapy chemoreduction external beam radiation plaque radiotherapy
prognosis of retinoblastoma
survival 95%
most important risk factor is extraocular extension of tumor thru ON or sclera
sympathetic opthalmia
non-infection inflammation of uvea b/l
can result from trauma
retinal Ags visible to immune system delayed hypersensatively rxn weeks to years after injury
uveal melanoma
larger the tumor, ant location, extraocular extension all indicate poor prognosis
mets usually 2-4 yrs after Dx and give <6months to live
Tx of uveal melanoma
chemo
charge partical therapy
enucleation
cataracts
clouding of lens inside eye decreasing vision
open-angle glaucoma
aqueous humor has complete physical access to drain, but there is still increases IOP
mutations in MYOC associated with juvenile cases
mutations in OPTN associated with adult cases
more difficult to Tx
closed-angle glaucoma
physical blockage of aqueous humor drainage
