Eye Path Flashcards

1
Q

limbus

A

where cornea and sclera fuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

retinal a occlusion

A

usually d/t:

  • atheromatous emboli from i/l internal carotid stenosis
  • stenosis from HTN or DM
  • vasculitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TIA of retinal a

A

amaurosis fugax- browing out or loss of vision from one wyw for about 10 min
usually caused by i/l internal a stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

A

short post ciliary aa -> supply ant optic n
occulsion results in sudden vision loss in one eye
classic onset is upon wakening
sometimes seen in temporal arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the layers covering eye

A

lipid/oil layer
aqueous/water layer
mucin layer- adheres tears to eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

meibomain glands

A

create the lipid layer of tear film

blockage can lead to evaporative dry eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stye

A

acute inflammation of gland of Zeis and/or orifice of meibomian gland
usually staph
usually clears in 7 days
very painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chalazion

A
aka meibomian gland lipogranuloma
lipogranulomataous inflammatory rxn to sebum in tissues (foreign body rxn)
secondary to obstruction of gland
subacture to chronic
painless 
weeks-months
surgical, abx if infected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

xanthelasma palpebratum

A

soft of sligthly raided yellow papulfes and plauqes
in inner canthus
seen in hyperlipemic and normolipemic pts
foamy lipid-laden histiocytes in dermis
surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nevi

A

congenital or acquired (most)

spilt nevus-rare congenital form on eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

junctional nevus

A

at interface of epi and dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

compound nevus

A

dermis and epi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dermal nevus

A

confined to dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common eyelid malignancy

lower lid >medial canthus> upper lid > outer canthus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sebaceous carcinoma

A

elderly
F>M
asians
can mimic chalazion or chronic belpharoconjunctivitis
malignant cells with foamy, lipid-laden cytoplasm, necrosis, pagetoid invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pinguecula

A

asmptomatic, small, yellowish submucosal nodule at limbus
adults and older, but seen in young with lots of sun exposure
typical in tropical locations
conjuntival sequivalent of solar elastosis of skin
no Tx needed

17
Q

pterygium

A

submucosal growth of CT that migrates into cornea
resutls from UV, dust, and wind damage
removed
examine histo to check for CA

18
Q

viral ulcerative keratitis

A

herpes simplex most common cuase of central corneal ulver (dendritic shape)
herpes zoster

19
Q

bacterial ulcerative keratitis

A

psudomonas and S. aureus

associated with cosmetics or contacts

20
Q

mycotic ulcerative keratitis

A

aspergillosis
candida
fusarium

21
Q

parasitic ulcerative keratitis

A

microsporidia

22
Q

amebic keratitis

A
hot tubs, contacts, fresh water exposure
often presents as an irregular dendritiform epithelial keratitis
often mis-diagnosied as herpes simplex
later progresses to a ring ulcer 
calcoflour white staining for Dx
23
Q

karatoconus

A

degenerative deformation of corneal curvature
irregular myopic astigmatism
usually b/l
progressive visual distortion
corrective lenses, lasik, cornela transplant

24
Q

munsosn sign

A

when pt looks down the cones in each eye cause the lower lids to bulge in keratoconus

25
lenticonus
should not be confused with keratoconus | its is a deformity of the lens that occurs in alports disease
26
age related macular degeneration
loss of central vision >75 dry or wet
27
dry degeneration
by far most common type no neogenesis deposits in Brush membrane and atrophy of retinal pigmented epi no available Tx
28
wet degeneration
linked to C' factor H neogenesis with proliferation of capillaries in choroidal membranes all the way into photoreceptors can be Tx with anti-neogenesis agents
29
retinoblastoma
most common intraocular tumor of childhood 90% Dx <3yrs of age 30-40% b/l and associated with germ line mutations retinoblastoma gene Chr 13
30
Tx of retinoblastoma
``` enucleation photocoagulative ablation and hyperthermia cyrotherapy chemoreduction external beam radiation plaque radiotherapy ```
31
prognosis of retinoblastoma
survival 95% | most important risk factor is extraocular extension of tumor thru ON or sclera
32
sympathetic opthalmia
non-infection inflammation of uvea b/l can result from trauma retinal Ags visible to immune system delayed hypersensatively rxn weeks to years after injury
33
uveal melanoma
larger the tumor, ant location, extraocular extension all indicate poor prognosis mets usually 2-4 yrs after Dx and give <6months to live
34
Tx of uveal melanoma
chemo charge partical therapy enucleation
35
cataracts
clouding of lens inside eye decreasing vision
36
open-angle glaucoma
aqueous humor has complete physical access to drain, but there is still increases IOP mutations in MYOC associated with juvenile cases mutations in OPTN associated with adult cases more difficult to Tx
37
closed-angle glaucoma
physical blockage of aqueous humor drainage