images II

Question 1

Answer 1

Edematous white matter. The empty spaces represent interstitial fluid.

Question 2

Answer 2

Edema highlighted by leakage of blood pigments around an adjacent hemorrhagic tumor. The tumor is not seen in the picture.

Question 3

Answer 3

Papilledema.

The edematous optic papillae protrude forward into the vitreous chamber.

Question 4

Answer 4

Reactive (gemistocytic) astrocytes around a cerebral infarct. These cells form scar tissue in the CNS.

Question 5

Answer 5

Hippocampal neuronal loss post-HIE.

The right hippocampus is atrophic and has lost a stretch of the pyramidal layer between the asterisks.

The left hippocampus is normal

Question 6

Answer 6

Hippocampal sclerosis.

Glial scarring of the sclerotic hipocampi is revealed by the Holzer stain.

Question 7

Answer 7

Cerebral autolysis. The nonperfused (respirator) brain.

Question 8

Answer 8

The nonperfused (respirator) brain. Radionuclide injection shows no signal in the brain

The key factor that converts selective neuronal necrosis to total tissue necrosis is probably lactic acidosis.

Question 9

Answer 9

Bland infarct

Acute infarct

Swelling and early disintegration of the infarcted area.

Question 10

Answer 10

“Hemorrhagic infarct” in the ACA territory.

NOT cerebral hemorrhage

d/t reperfusion injury

Question 11

Answer 11

Bilateral lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia

Question 12

Answer 12

small vessel disease

Homogenous change of vessel walls d/t HTN and/or DM

can also be d/t amyloid-> congo red +

Question 13

Answer 13

widespread white-matter hemorrhages characteristic of bone marrow or fat embolisms

usually follows long bone fractures

Question 14

Answer 14

Hypertensive hemorrhage in the basal ganglia and thalamus with intraventricular rupture. After formalin fixation, the blood clot appears black.

Question 15

Answer 15

Hypertensive pontine hemorrhage

Question 16

Answer 16

AVM. A tangle of abnormal vessels.

Question 17

Answer 17

arteriovenous malformations

Question 18

Answer 18

Sturge -Weber syndrome CT. Cerebral atrophy and calcification.

Question 19

Answer 19

Sturge-Weber syndrome. Abnormal vessels in the subarachnoid space.

Question 20

Answer 20

calcifications of vessels in sturge-weber syndrome

Question 21

Answer 21

Hypertensive encephalopathy, hematoxylin and eosin: fibrinoid necrosis of a small artery.(not homogeneous, like in chronic HTN)

Question 22

Answer 22

papilledema of HTN encephalopahty

Question 23

Answer 23

Lobar hemorrhage from cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Question 24

Answer 24

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Beta amyloid immunostain.