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Gen Chem > Stoichiometry > Flashcards

Stoichiometry Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical Equations

A

Symbolic representation of a chemical reaction

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2
Q

Reactants

A

Substance undergoing a chemical or physical change; shown on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation

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3
Q

Products

A

Substance formed by a chemical or physical change; shown on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation

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4
Q

Coefficients

A

Number placed in front of symbols or formulas in a chemical equation to indicate their relative amount

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5
Q

Balanced Equation

A

Chemical equation with equal numbers of atoms for each element in the reactant and product

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6
Q

Molecular Equation

A

Chemical equation in which all reactants and products are represented as neutral substances

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7
Q

Complete Ionic Equation

A

Chemical equation in which all dissolved ionic reactants and products, including spectator ions, are explicitly represented by formulas for their dissociated ions

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8
Q

Spectator Ions

A

Ion that does not undergo a chemical or physical change during a reaction, but its presence is required to maintain charge neutrality

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9
Q

Net Ionic Equation

A

Chemical equation in which only those dissolved ionic reactants and products that undergo a chemical or physical change are represented (excludes spectator ions)

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10
Q

Precipitation Reaction

A

Reaction that produces one or more insoluble products; when reactants are ionic compounds, sometimes called double-displacement or metathesis

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11
Q

Solubility

A

The extent to which a substance may be dissolved in water, or any solvent

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12
Q

Soluble

A

Of relatively high solubility; dissolving to a relatively large extent

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13
Q

Precipitate

A

Insoluble product that forms from reaction of soluble reactants

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14
Q

Insoluble

A

Of relatively low solubility; dissolving only to a slight extent

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15
Q

Acid-Base Reaction

A

Reaction involving the transfer of a hydrogen ion between reactant species

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16
Q

Acid

A

Substance that produces H2O^+ when dissolved in water

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17
Q

Strong Acids

A

Acid that reacts completely when dissolved in water to yield hydronium ions

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18
Q

Weak Acids

A

Acid that reacts only to a slight extent when dissolved in water to yield hydronium ions

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19
Q

Base

A

Substance that produces OH^- when dissolved in water

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20
Q

Strong Bases

A

Base that reacts completely when dissolved in water to yield hydroxide ions

21
Q

Weak Bases

A

Base that reacts only to a slight extent when dissolved in water to yield hydroxide ions

22
Q

Neutralization Reaction

A

Reaction between and acid and a base to produce salt and water

23
Q

Salt

A

Ionic compound that can be formed by the reaction of an acid with a base that contains a cation and an anion other than hydroxide or oxide

24
Q

Oxidation

A

Process in which an element’s oxidation number is increased by loss of electrons

25
Q

Half-Reaction

A

An equation that shows whether each reactant loses or gains electrons in a reaction

26
Q

Reduction

A

Process in which an element’s oxidation number is decreased by gain of electrons

27
Q

Reducing Agent (Reductant)

A

Substance that brings about the reduction of another substance, and in the process becomes oxidized

28
Q

Oxidizing Agent (Oxidant)

A

Substance that brings about the oxidation of another substance, and in the process becomes reduced

29
Q

Oxidation Number (Oxidation State)

A

The charge each atom of an element would have in a compound if the compound were ionic

30
Q

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

A

Reaction involving a change in oxidation number for one or more reactant elements

31
Q

Combustion Reactions

A

Vigorous redox reaction producing significant amounts of energy in the form of heat and, sometimes, light

32
Q

Single-Displacement (Replacement) Reactions

A

Redox reaction involving the oxidation of an element substance by an ionic species

33
Q

Stoichiometry

A

Relationships between the amounts of reactants and products of a chemical reaction

34
Q

Stoichiometric Factors

A

Ratio of coefficients in a balanced chemical equation, used in computations relating amounts of reactants and products

35
Q

Limiting Reactant

A

Reactant present in an amount lower than required by the reaction stoichiometry, thus limiting the amount of product generated

36
Q

Excess Reactant

A

Reactant present in an amount greater than required by the reaction stoichiometry

37
Q

Theoretical Yield

A

Amount of product that may be produced from a given amount of reactant(s) according to the reaction stoichiometry

38
Q

Actual Yield

A

Amount of product formed in a reaction

39
Q

Percent Yield

A

Measure of the efficiency of a reaction, expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield

40
Q

Quantitative Analysis

A

The determination of the amount or concentration of a substance in a sample

41
Q

Titration Analysis

A

Quantitative chemical analysis method that involves measuring the volume of a reactant solution required to completely react with the analyte in a sample

42
Q

Buret

A

Device used for the precise delivery of variable liquid volumes, such as in a titration analysis

43
Q

Titrant

A

Solution containing a known concentration of substance that will react with the analyte in a titration analysis

44
Q

Analyte

A

Chemical species of interest

45
Q

Equivalence Point

A

Volume of titrant solution required to react completely with the analyte in a titration analysis; provides a stoichiometric amount of titrant for the sample’s analyte according to the titration reaction

46
Q

Indicators

A

Substance added to the sample in a titration analysis to permit visual detection of the end point

47
Q

End Point

A

Measured volume of titrant solution that yields the change in sample solution appearance or other property expected for stoichiometric equivalence

48
Q

Gravimetric Analysis

A

Quantitative chemical analysis method involving the separation of an analyte from a sample by a physical or chemical process and subsequent mass measurements of the analyte, reaction product, and/or sample

49
Q

Combustion Analysis

A

Gravimetric technique used to determine the elemental composition of a compound via the collection and weighing of its gaseous combustion products

Gen Chem (10 decks)

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