Stoichiometry

Question 1

Chemical Equations

Answer 1

Symbolic representation of a chemical reaction

Question 2

Reactants

Answer 2

Substance undergoing a chemical or physical change; shown on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation

Question 3

Products

Answer 3

Substance formed by a chemical or physical change; shown on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation

Question 4

Coefficients

Answer 4

Number placed in front of symbols or formulas in a chemical equation to indicate their relative amount

Question 5

Balanced Equation

Answer 5

Chemical equation with equal numbers of atoms for each element in the reactant and product

Question 6

Molecular Equation

Answer 6

Chemical equation in which all reactants and products are represented as neutral substances

Question 7

Complete Ionic Equation

Answer 7

Chemical equation in which all dissolved ionic reactants and products, including spectator ions, are explicitly represented by formulas for their dissociated ions

Question 8

Spectator Ions

Answer 8

Ion that does not undergo a chemical or physical change during a reaction, but its presence is required to maintain charge neutrality

Question 9

Net Ionic Equation

Answer 9

Chemical equation in which only those dissolved ionic reactants and products that undergo a chemical or physical change are represented (excludes spectator ions)

Question 10

Precipitation Reaction

Answer 10

Reaction that produces one or more insoluble products; when reactants are ionic compounds, sometimes called double-displacement or metathesis

Question 11

Solubility

Answer 11

The extent to which a substance may be dissolved in water, or any solvent

Question 12

Soluble

Answer 12

Of relatively high solubility; dissolving to a relatively large extent

Question 13

Precipitate

Answer 13

Insoluble product that forms from reaction of soluble reactants

Question 14

Insoluble

Answer 14

Of relatively low solubility; dissolving only to a slight extent

Question 15

Acid-Base Reaction

Answer 15

Reaction involving the transfer of a hydrogen ion between reactant species

Question 16

Acid

Answer 16

Substance that produces H2O^+ when dissolved in water

Question 17

Strong Acids

Answer 17

Acid that reacts completely when dissolved in water to yield hydronium ions

Question 18

Weak Acids

Answer 18

Acid that reacts only to a slight extent when dissolved in water to yield hydronium ions

Question 19

Base

Answer 19

Substance that produces OH^- when dissolved in water

Question 20

Strong Bases

Answer 20

Base that reacts completely when dissolved in water to yield hydroxide ions

Question 21

Weak Bases

Answer 21

Base that reacts only to a slight extent when dissolved in water to yield hydroxide ions

Question 22

Neutralization Reaction

Answer 22

Reaction between and acid and a base to produce salt and water

Question 23

Salt

Answer 23

Ionic compound that can be formed by the reaction of an acid with a base that contains a cation and an anion other than hydroxide or oxide

Question 24

Oxidation

Answer 24

Process in which an element’s oxidation number is increased by loss of electrons

Question 25

Half-Reaction

Answer 25

An equation that shows whether each reactant loses or gains electrons in a reaction

Question 26

Reduction

Answer 26

Process in which an element's oxidation number is decreased by gain of electrons

Question 27

Reducing Agent (Reductant)

Answer 27

Substance that brings about the reduction of another substance, and in the process becomes oxidized

Question 28

Oxidizing Agent (Oxidant)

Answer 28

Substance that brings about the oxidation of another substance, and in the process becomes reduced

Question 29

Oxidation Number (Oxidation State)

Answer 29

The charge each atom of an element would have in a compound if the compound were ionic

Question 30

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

Answer 30

Reaction involving a change in oxidation number for one or more reactant elements

Question 31

Combustion Reactions

Answer 31

Vigorous redox reaction producing significant amounts of energy in the form of heat and, sometimes, light

Question 32

Single-Displacement (Replacement) Reactions

Answer 32

Redox reaction involving the oxidation of an element substance by an ionic species

Question 33

Stoichiometry

Answer 33

Relationships between the amounts of reactants and products of a chemical reaction

Question 34

Stoichiometric Factors

Answer 34

Ratio of coefficients in a balanced chemical equation, used in computations relating amounts of reactants and products

Question 35

Limiting Reactant

Answer 35

Reactant present in an amount lower than required by the reaction stoichiometry, thus limiting the amount of product generated

Question 36

Excess Reactant

Answer 36

Reactant present in an amount greater than required by the reaction stoichiometry

Question 37

Theoretical Yield

Answer 37

Amount of product that may be produced from a given amount of reactant(s) according to the reaction stoichiometry

Question 38

Actual Yield

Answer 38

Amount of product formed in a reaction

Question 39

Percent Yield

Answer 39

Measure of the efficiency of a reaction, expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield

Question 40

Quantitative Analysis

Answer 40

The determination of the amount or concentration of a substance in a sample

Question 41

Titration Analysis

Answer 41

Quantitative chemical analysis method that involves measuring the volume of a reactant solution required to completely react with the analyte in a sample

Question 42

Buret

Answer 42

Device used for the precise delivery of variable liquid volumes, such as in a titration analysis

Question 43

Titrant

Answer 43

Solution containing a known concentration of substance that will react with the analyte in a titration analysis

Question 44

Analyte

Answer 44

Chemical species of interest

Question 45

Equivalence Point

Answer 45

Volume of titrant solution required to react completely with the analyte in a titration analysis; provides a stoichiometric amount of titrant for the sample's analyte according to the titration reaction

Question 46

Indicators

Answer 46

Substance added to the sample in a titration analysis to permit visual detection of the end point

Question 47

End Point

Answer 47

Measured volume of titrant solution that yields the change in sample solution appearance or other property expected for stoichiometric equivalence

Question 48

Gravimetric Analysis

Answer 48

Quantitative chemical analysis method involving the separation of an analyte from a sample by a physical or chemical process and subsequent mass measurements of the analyte, reaction product, and/or sample

Question 49

Combustion Analysis

Answer 49

Gravimetric technique used to determine the elemental composition of a compound via the collection and weighing of its gaseous combustion products