Solutions and Colloids

Question 1

Alloy

Answer 1

Solid mixture of a metallic element and one or more additional elements

Question 2

Spontaneous Process

Answer 2

Physical or chemical change that occurs without the addition of energy from an external source

Question 3

Ideal Solution

Answer 3

Solution that forms with no accompanying energy change

Question 4

Solvation

Answer 4

Exothermic process in which intermolecular attractive forces between the solute and solvent in a solution are established

Question 5

Electrolyte

Answer 5

Substance that produces ions when dissolved in water

Question 6

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 6

Substance that does not produce ions when dissolved in water

Question 7

Strong Electrolyte

Answer 7

Substance that dissociates or ionizes completely when dissolved in water

Question 8

Weak Electrolyte

Answer 8

Substance that ionizes only partially when dissolved in water

Question 9

Ion-Dipole Attraction

Answer 9

Electrostatic attraction between an ion and a polar molecule

Question 10

Dissociation

Answer 10

Physical process accompanying the dissolution of an ionic compound in which the compound’s constituent ions are solvated and dispersed throughout the solution

Question 11

Solubility

Answer 11

Extent to which a solute may be dissolved in water, or any solvent

Question 12

Saturated

Answer 12

Of concentration equal to solubility; containing the maximum concentration of solute possible for a given temperature and pressure

Question 13

Unsaturated

Answer 13

Of concentration less that solubility

Question 14

Supersaturated

Answer 14

Of concentration that exceeds solubility; a nonequilibrium state

Question 15

Henry’s Law

Answer 15

The proportional relationship between the concentration of dissolved gas in a solution and the partial pressure of the gas in contact with the solution

Question 16

Miscible

Answer 16

Mutually soluble in all proportions; typically refers to liquid substances

Question 17

Immiscible

Answer 17

Of negligible mutual solubility; typically refers to liquid substances

Question 18

Partially Miscible

Answer 18

Of moderate mutual solubility; typically refers to liquid substances

Question 19

Colligative Properties

Answer 19

Property of a solution that depends only on the concentration of a solute species

Question 20

Molarity (m)

Answer 20

A concentration unit defined as the ratio of the numbers of moles of solute to the mass of the solvent in kilograms

Question 21

Raoult’s Law

Answer 21

The relationship between a solution’s vapor pressure and the vapor pressures and concentrations of its components

Question 22

Boiling Point Elevation

Answer 22

Elevation of the boiling point of a liquid by addition of a solute

Question 23

Boiling Point Elevation Constant (Ebullioscopic Constant)

Answer 23

The proportionality constant in the equation relating to boiling point elevation to solute molarity

Question 24

Freezing Point Depression

Answer 24

Lowering of the freezing point of a liquid by addition of a solute

Question 25

Freezing Point Depression Constant (Cryoscopic Constant)

Answer 25

Proportionality constant in the equation relating freezing point depression to solute molarity

Question 26

Semipermeable Membrane

Answer 26

A membrane that selectively permits passage of certain ions or molecules

Question 27

Osmosis

Answer 27

Diffusion of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane

Question 28

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 28

Opposing pressure required to prevent bulk transfer of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane

Question 29

Isotonic

Answer 29

Of equal osmotic pressure

Question 30

Hypotonic

Answer 30

Of less osmotic pressure

Question 31

Hemolysis

Answer 31

Rupture of red blood cells due to the accumulation of excess water by osmosis

Question 32

Hypertonic

Answer 32

Of greater osmotic pressure

Question 33

Crenation

Answer 33

Process whereby biological cells become shriveled due to loss of water by osmosis

Question 34

Van't Hoff Factor (i)

Answer 34

The ratio of the number of moles of particles in a solution to the number of moles of formula units dissolved in the solution

Question 36

Suspension

Answer 36

Heterogeneous mixture in which relatively large component particles are temporarily dispersed but settle out over time

Question 37

Colloid (Colloidal Dispersion)

Answer 37

Mixture in which relatively large solid or liquid particles are dispersed uniformly throughout a gas, liquid, or solid

Question 38

Tyndall Effect

Answer 38

Scattering of visible light by a colloidal dispersion

Question 39

Dispersed Phase

Answer 39

Substance present as relatively large solid or liquid particles in a colloid

Question 40

Dispersion Medium

Answer 40

Solid, liquid, or gas in which colloidal particles are dispersed

Question 41

Emulsion

Answer 41

Colloid formed from immiscible liquids

Question 42

Emulsifying Agent

Answer 42

Amphiphilic substance used to stabilize the particles of some emulsions

Question 43

Amphiphilic

Answer 43

Molecules possessing both hydrophobic (nonpolar) and a hydrophilic (polar) parts

Question 44

Gel

Answer 44

Colloidal dispersion of a liquid in a solid