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Gen Chem > Essential Ideas > Flashcards

Essential Ideas Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter

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2
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking informatio

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3
Q

Laws

A

Statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations, and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world

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4
Q

Theories

A

Well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature

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5
Q

Scientific Method

A

Path of discovery that leads from question and observation to law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary modification of the theory

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6
Q

Macroscopic Domain

A

Realm of everyday things that are large enough to sense directly by human sight and touch

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7
Q

Microscopic Domain

A

Realm of things that are much too small to be sense directly

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8
Q

Symbolic Domain

A

Specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols, chemical formulas, chemical equations, graphs, drawings, and calculations

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9
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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10
Q

Solid

A

State of matter that is rigid, has a definite shape, and has a fairly constant volume

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11
Q

Liquid

A

State of matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape

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12
Q

Gas

A

State in which matter has neither definite volume nor shape

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13
Q

Plasma

A

Gaseous state of matter containing a large number of electrically charged atoms and/or molecules

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14
Q

Mass

A

Fundamental property indicating amount of matter

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15
Q

Weight

A

Force that gravity exerts on an object

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16
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter

A

When matter converts from one type to another or changes form, there is no detectable change in the total amount of matter present

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17
Q

Pure Substance

A

Homogenous substance that has a constant composition

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18
Q

Elements

A

Substance that is composed of a single type of atom; a substance that cannot be decomposed by a chemical change

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19
Q

Compounds

A

Pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more elements

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20
Q

Mixture

A

Matter that can be separated into its components by physical means

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21
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

Combination of substances with a composition that varies from point to point

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22
Q

Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)

A

Combination of substances with a composition that is uniform throughout

23
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical combination

24
Q

Molecule

A

Bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements

25
Physical Property
Characteristic of matter that is not associated with any change in its chemical composition
26
Physical Change
Change in the state or properties of matter that does not involve a change in its chemical composition
27
Chemical Property
Behavior that is related to the change of one kind of matter into another kind of matter
28
Chemical Change
Change producing a different kind of matter from the original kind of matter
29
Extensive Property
Property of a substance that depends on the amount of the substance
30
Intensive Property
Property of a substance that is independent of the amount of the substance
31
Units
Standard of comparison for measurements
32
SI Units (International System of Units)
Standards fixed by international agreement in the Internation System of Units (Le Systeme International d'Unites)
32
Length
Measure of one dimension of an object
33
Meter (m)
Standard metric and SI unit of length; 1 = approximately 1.094 yards
34
Kilogram (kg)
Standard SI unit of mass; 1 = approximately 2.2 pounds
35
Kelvin (K)
SI unit of temperature; 273.15 = 0*C
36
Celsius (*C)
Unit of temperature; water freezes at 0* and boils at 100* on this scale
37
Second (s)
SI unit of time
38
Volume
Amount of space occupied by an object
39
Cubic Meter (m^3)
SI unit of volume
40
Liter (L) (Cubic Decimeter)
Unit of volume; 1 = 1,000 cm^3
41
Cubic Centimeter (cm^3 or cc)
Volume of a cube with an edge length of exactly 1 cm
42
Milliliter (mL)
1/1,000 of a liter; equal to 1 cm^3
43
Density
Ratio of mass to volume for a substance or object
44
Exact Number
Number derived from counting or by definition
45
Uncertainty
Estimate of amount by which measurement differs from true value
46
Significant Figures (Significant Digits)
All of the measured digits in a determination, including the uncertain last digit
47
Rounding
Procedure used to ensure that calculated resolts properly reflect the uncertainty in the measurements used in the calculation
48
Precision
How closely a measurement matches the same measurement when repeated
49
Accuracy
How closely a measurement aligns with a correct value
50
Dimensional Analysis (Factor-Label Method)
Versatile mathematical approach that can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex, multi-step calculations involving several different equations
51
Unit Conversion Factor
Ratio of equivalent quantities expressed with different units; used to convert from one unit to a different unit
52
Temperature
Intensive property representing the hotness or coldness of matter
53
Fahrenheit
Unit of temperature; water freezes at 32* and boils at 212* on this scale

Gen Chem (16 decks)

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