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Gen Chem > Essential Ideas > Flashcards

Essential Ideas Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter

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2
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking informatio

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3
Q

Laws

A

Statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations, and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world

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4
Q

Theories

A

Well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature

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5
Q

Scientific Method

A

Path of discovery that leads from question and observation to law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary modification of the theory

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6
Q

Macroscopic Domain

A

Realm of everyday things that are large enough to sense directly by human sight and touch

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7
Q

Microscopic Domain

A

Realm of things that are much too small to be sense directly

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8
Q

Symbolic Domain

A

Specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols, chemical formulas, chemical equations, graphs, drawings, and calculations

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9
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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10
Q

Solid

A

State of matter that is rigid, has a definite shape, and has a fairly constant volume

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11
Q

Liquid

A

State of matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape

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12
Q

Gas

A

State in which matter has neither definite volume nor shape

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13
Q

Plasma

A

Gaseous state of matter containing a large number of electrically charged atoms and/or molecules

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14
Q

Mass

A

Fundamental property indicating amount of matter

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15
Q

Weight

A

Force that gravity exerts on an object

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16
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter

A

When matter converts from one type to another or changes form, there is no detectable change in the total amount of matter present

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17
Q

Pure Substance

A

Homogenous substance that has a constant composition

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18
Q

Elements

A

Substance that is composed of a single type of atom; a substance that cannot be decomposed by a chemical change

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19
Q

Compounds

A

Pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more elements

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20
Q

Mixture

A

Matter that can be separated into its components by physical means

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21
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

Combination of substances with a composition that varies from point to point

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22
Q

Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)

A

Combination of substances with a composition that is uniform throughout

23
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical combination

24
Q

Molecule

A

Bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements

25
Q

Physical Property

A

Characteristic of matter that is not associated with any change in its chemical composition

26
Q

Physical Change

A

Change in the state or properties of matter that does not involve a change in its chemical composition

27
Q

Chemical Property

A

Behavior that is related to the change of one kind of matter into another kind of matter

28
Q

Chemical Change

A

Change producing a different kind of matter from the original kind of matter

29
Q

Extensive Property

A

Property of a substance that depends on the amount of the substance

30
Q

Intensive Property

A

Property of a substance that is independent of the amount of the substance

31
Q

Units

A

Standard of comparison for measurements

32
Q

SI Units (International System of Units)

A

Standards fixed by international agreement in the Internation System of Units (Le Systeme International d’Unites)

32
Q

Length

A

Measure of one dimension of an object

33
Q

Meter (m)

A

Standard metric and SI unit of length; 1 = approximately 1.094 yards

34
Q

Kilogram (kg)

A

Standard SI unit of mass; 1 = approximately 2.2 pounds

35
Q

Kelvin (K)

A

SI unit of temperature; 273.15 = 0*C

36
Q

Celsius (*C)

A

Unit of temperature; water freezes at 0* and boils at 100* on this scale

37
Q

Second (s)

A

SI unit of time

38
Q

Volume

A

Amount of space occupied by an object

39
Q

Cubic Meter (m^3)

A

SI unit of volume

40
Q

Liter (L) (Cubic Decimeter)

A

Unit of volume; 1 = 1,000 cm^3

41
Q

Cubic Centimeter (cm^3 or cc)

A

Volume of a cube with an edge length of exactly 1 cm

42
Q

Milliliter (mL)

A

1/1,000 of a liter; equal to 1 cm^3

43
Q

Density

A

Ratio of mass to volume for a substance or object

44
Q

Exact Number

A

Number derived from counting or by definition

45
Q

Uncertainty

A

Estimate of amount by which measurement differs from true value

46
Q

Significant Figures (Significant Digits)

A

All of the measured digits in a determination, including the uncertain last digit

47
Q

Rounding

A

Procedure used to ensure that calculated resolts properly reflect the uncertainty in the measurements used in the calculation

48
Q

Precision

A

How closely a measurement matches the same measurement when repeated

49
Q

Accuracy

A

How closely a measurement aligns with a correct value

50
Q

Dimensional Analysis (Factor-Label Method)

A

Versatile mathematical approach that can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex, multi-step calculations involving several different equations

51
Q

Unit Conversion Factor

A

Ratio of equivalent quantities expressed with different units; used to convert from one unit to a different unit

52
Q

Temperature

A

Intensive property representing the hotness or coldness of matter

53
Q

Fahrenheit

A

Unit of temperature; water freezes at 32* and boils at 212* on this scale

Gen Chem (10 decks)

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