STIs Flashcards
Bacteria that causes gonnorrhoea
neissera gonorrhoeae
symptoms of gonorrhoea in males
thick, profuse, yellow discharge
dysuria
rectal and pharyngeal infection
symptoms of gonorrhoea in females
vaginal discharge
dysuria
intermittent/post-coital bleeding
complications of gonorrhoea in males
epididymitis
complications of gonorrhoea in females
pelvic inflammatory disease
incubation periods for gonorrhoea is around
5-6 days
how do you diagnose gonorrhoea?
nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) on urine or swab from the exposed site
gram stained smear from urethra/rectum/cervix (if the patient is symptomatic)
who is mostly likely to get gonorrhoea?
MSM
how do you treat gonorrhoea?
ceftriaxone (1mg)
What bacteria causes chlamydia?
chlamydia trachomatis
male symptoms of chlamydia
slight, watery discharge
dysuria
conjunctivitis
female symptoms of chlamydia
vaginal discharge
dysuria
intramenstrual/post-coital bleeding
conjunctivitis
complications of chlamydia in men
epididymitis
complications of chlamydia in women
pelvic inflammatory disorder (and therefore can get ectopic pregnancy)
pelvic pain and infertility
how do you diagnose chlamydia?
first void urine in men/ swab taken from urethra/cervix/rectum
tested with the NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test)
(test for reinfection after 3-12 months)
how do you treat chlamydia?
doxycycline (100mg)
axithromycin (if pregnant)
what is the bacteria responsible for herpes?
herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2)
what are the common symptoms of herpes?
80% are asymptomatic
burning/itching then blistering under a tender ulceration
tender lymphadenopathy
flu-like symptoms
dysuria
neuralgic pain
how common is herpes?
very common (15-20% of the UK)
how do you diagnose herpes?
clinical signs
swab from lesion tested with PCR
how do you treat herpes?
aciclovir
syphilis is caused by what bacteria?
treponema pallidum
who is most likely to get syphilis?
MSM
5 stages of symptoms of syphilis
primary (local ulcer)
secondary (rash, mucosal ulceration, neuro symptoms, patchy alopecia, other symptoms)
early latent (no symptoms but less than 2 years ago it was caught)
late latent (no symptoms but more than 2 years ago it was caught)
tertiary (neuro/cardio/gummatous/ skin lesions)
complications of syphilis
neurosyphilis (cranial nerve palsies are the most common)
cardiac or aortal involvement
how do you diagnose syphilis?
clinical signs
serology for TP IgG EIA, TPPA
PCR from an ulcer
treating syphilis
less or more than 2 years with no neuro involvement
benzathine penicillin
or
doxycycline
trichamoniasis is uncommon (mostly middle aged woman)
symptoms are…?
men: asymtomatic
women: asymptomatic or vaginal discharge, vulvitis
how do you diagnose trichamoniasis?
PCR of a vaginal swab
microscopy of vaginal discharge
anogential warts are caused by what bacteria?
HPV (different strain to the cervical cancer)
types 6 and 11
common symptoms of anogential warts
lumps with a surface texture of a small cauliflower
occasional itching or bleeding
how to diagnose genital warts
appearance
biopsy if unusual (exclude neoplasia)
how do you treat anogential warts?
warticon/ condyline
cryotherapy
