Physiological changes in pregnancy

Question 1

Some general changes that are good to remember:

Answer 1

mechanical

metabolism

fatigue

heartburn/reflux

oedema

breast changes

thyroid

state of immunosuppression

weight gain

Question 2

Specific breast changes in pregnancy:

Answer 2

increased size and vascularity (warm, tense and tender)

increased pigmentation or areola and nipple

secondary areola appears

colostrum fluid can be expressed from the end of the 3rd month

montgomery tubercules appear on the areola

Question 3

Physiological changes

Answer 3

increased RR

increased cardiac output (increased SV and HR)

reduced GI motility

dilatation of urinary collecting system (hydroureter/ hydronephrosis)

hyper coagulable