Contraception

Question 1

what are the three main combined hormonal contraceptive methods?

Answer 1

COC pill (daily)

Patch ERVA (change weekly)

Ring (Nuvaring) (change every 3 weeks)

Question 2

what are the two hormones in combined hormonal contraceptive methods?

Answer 2

progestogen (synthetic progesterone)

ethinyl estradiol (synthetic oestrogen)

Question 3

benefits of combined hormonal contraception

Answer 3

regulates/ reduced bleeding

50% reduction in endometrial and cervical cancer

reduced no of ovarian cysts

stops ovulation (helps premenstrual syndrome)

Question 4

what would you prescribe heavy/painful periods?

Answer 4

combined hormonal contraception

Question 5

unwanted side effects of combined hormonal contraception

Answer 5

breast tenderness

nausea

headache

irregular bleeding in the 1st 3 months

mood changes

weight gain

Question 6

name some serious risks associated with combined hormonal contraception use

Answer 6

venous thrombosis (DVT or PE)

arterial thrombosis (MI or stroke)

cervical cancer

breast cancer

Question 7

the pill (combined hormonal) triples the risk of what?

Answer 7

venous thromboembolism

Question 8

⅓ bleed free, ⅓ irregular, ⅓ regular periods - what are they on?

Answer 8

progesterone only (mini-pill)

Question 9

anovulant

Answer 9

a drug that suppresses ovulation

Question 10

progesterone only side effects

Answer 10

headache

acne

weight gain (appetite increase)

fluid retention

hair loss

mood change

Question 11

what pill gives no increased risk of arterial or venous thrombosis?

Answer 11

progesterone only (POP) mini pill

Question 12

how often do you get ‘the jag’ - injectable progesterone?

Answer 12

every 13 weeks

Question 13

what 3 things does the progesterone only JAG in the buttocks do to prevent fertility?

Answer 13

prevents ovulation

alters cervical mucus (makes it hostile for sperm)

makes the endometrium unsuitable for implantation

Question 14

side effects of progesterone jag

Answer 14

delay in return to fertility (about 9 months)

reduced bone density

weight gain (2-3kg)

Question 15

progestogen only methods of contraception

Answer 15

Progestogen only pill (POP)

implant (NEXPLANON)

injection ((DEPO-POVERA)

IUS (MIRENA)

Question 16

Non-hormonal forms of contraception (4)

Answer 16

male condoms

female condoms

diaphragm/cup

IUD (copper intrauterine coil)

Question 17

what are the two intrauterine contraceptive devices?

Answer 17

copper coil

levonorgestrel IUS (Mirena/ Kyleena)

Question 18

how does the hormonal intrauterine device work?

Answer 18

affects cervical mucus and endometrium (most women still ovulate)

stops fertilisation of the egg

Question 19

how long after conception can you use the copper coil?

Answer 19

120 hours

Question 20

How long after conception can you use levonorgestrel pill?

Answer 20

72 hours

Question 21

how long after conception can you use the ulipristal pill?

ellaone

Answer 21

120 hours

Question 22

what are the 3 types of emergency contraception?

Answer 22

copper IUD

Levonelle (levonorgestrel pill)

Ellaone (ulipristal pill)

Question 23

Medication taken for a medical abortion

Answer 23

mifepristone

Question 24

when should you ideally start contraception?

Answer 24

in the first 5 days of your cycle

Question 25

if you don’t start contraception in the first 5 days of your cycle - what should you do?

Answer 25

abstain from sex for 7 days