STIs

Question 1

HIV

Answer 1

Retrovirus, infect CD4 T-helper cells

Opportunistic infection

Simultaneous antibody/antigen detection -(disagnosis)

HAART (treatment)

Question 2

Order for HIV testin

Answer 2

Serum HIV ELISA

followed by Western Blot test

Question 3

HPV

Answer 3

Viral proteins E6 and E7 disrupt cell division

Lesions, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

Prevention: quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil)

Question 4

HSV-2

(Herpes simplex virus) -associated with genital herpes

Answer 4

Transmitted by sexual contact

Neonatal herpes: infant exposed to HSV in birth canal

Commonly recurring

Confirm by lab tests( swab of lesion/vesicle fluid), PCR (more sensitive), HSV antigen detection

Question 5

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 5

Serotypes D-K cause genital infections

Obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen

Watery/mucopurulent discharge, dysuria

Diagnosis: cell culture

Complications mainly in females- pelvic inflammatory disease, scarrin of fallopian tube leadin to ectopic pregnancy n infertility

Azithromycin (treatment)

Question 6

Nisseria Gonorrhoea -

Causes gonorrhoea

Answer 6

Gram negative bac

Culture will show gram negative intracellular diplococci

Treatment: ceftriaxone IM with azithromycin

Question 7

Treponema pallidum

-causes syphillis

Answer 7

Chancre (symptom)

Primary syphy: lesions
2ndary syphy: highly infectious skin rash
Tertiary syphy: granulomas from inflammation, cardiovascular, neurosyphyllis, psychotic symptoms

(Diagnosis)- non-treponemal tests -detect antibodies against cardiolipin
Treponemal tests

High dose penicillin (treatment)