anaemia

Question 1

blood film for iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 1

microcytic
hypochromic
pencil cell
target cell
anisocytosis

Question 2

thalassaemia

Answer 2

autosomal recessive

blood film:
microcytic
hypochromic
target cell
reticulocyte
tear drop cell
basophillic stippling

Question 3

sideroblastic anaemia

Answer 3

X linked recessive

Ringed sideroblasts

Question 4

sickle cell anaemia

Answer 4

• Small issue in beta globin chain
• Pnt substitution mutation. Glutamic acid to valine. Get HbS
• Get sickled-shaped cells (ie crescent shaped)- cells are very fragile,can haemolyse, or can occlude small blood vessels as well
• Common in African population
• Protective against malaria
• Treat with hydroxyurea

Question 5

G6PD deficiency

Answer 5

oxidative stress
fava beans
heinz bodies

Question 6

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia

Answer 6

Schistocytes

Question 7

aplastic anaemia

Answer 7

bone marrow stem cells damaged, get increased fat spaces in bone marrow (i.e. hypo-cellular bone marrow)
haemorrhage and easy bruising (thrombocytopenia)
infections (leukopenia)
anaemia (reduced rbcs)

causes: idiopathic, chloramphenicol

Question 8

vit B12 deficiency

Answer 8

peripheral neuropathy

pernicious anaemia

crohns disease

don’t give folate alone to any vitB12 defici pt- folate can mask effect

Question 9

folate deficiency anae

Answer 9

eat more green leafy vegetables

methotrexate, trimethoprim

Question 10

Buzzword for B12 deficiency anaemia

Answer 10

Pernicious anaemiaBW
Crohn’s diseaseBW
Peripheral neuropathy BWeg foot drops