Haematological malignancies

Question 1

ALL

Answer 1

children
risk factor-down syndrome
overproduction of immature lymphocytes-> pancytopenia

blood film: blasts

Question 2

CLL

Answer 2

elderly

overproduction of mature B lymphocytes

• 1/3$cured,$1/3$stay$the$
same,$1/3$worsen$

blood film=smear cells

large, rubbery, non-tender lymph nodes

Question 3

AML

Answer 3

elderly
auer rods

CML, MPN can become AML

myeloid cells can’t differentiate beyond blast stage

Question 4

CML

Answer 4

40-60 yrs
philadelphia gene
overproduction of mature myeloid cells

3 stages: chronic (30%)
risk factor- radiation

splenomegaly
gout (uric acid)

Question 5

hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 5

blood film: reed sternberg cells

ppl 20-40 yrs-younger

Question 6

leukemia and lymphoma-

most are _ cell orginin

Answer 6

B cell

Question 7

non hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 7

elderly ppl
Usually B cells - CD20+ marker

burkitt’s lymphoma- cMYC oncogene

Follicular lymphoma – BCL-2 translocation

murine splenic cells fused
with myeloma line

no reed sternberg cells

Question 8

multiple myeloma

Answer 8

abnormal proliferation of plasma cells

Blood film – Rouleaux cells

High ESR > 100 (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate)

Monoclonal IgG band in serum electrophoresis

Urinalysis – Bence Jones proteins

Often tumour formed in various bones i.e. multiple

Specific signs – CRABS
! Ca2+ high (hypercalcaemia)
! Renal failure
! Anaemia
! Bony lytic lesions
! Splenomegaly

Question 9

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Answer 9

elderly
Ineffective$maturation$of$all$myeloid$cells$(RBC,$WBC,$
platelets)$→pancytopaenia

Question 10

polycythaemia rubra vera

Answer 10

Pruritis after
hot shower
JAK-2

Question 11

essential thrombocytosis

Answer 11

overproduciton of platelets

bleeds and clots

Question 12

myelofibrosis

Answer 12

blood film=tear drop cells, fragments

Massive
splenomegaly

dry tap