STIs 10-11 Q Flashcards
What is an STI?
a sexually transmitted infection
What can cause an STI?
bacteria, viruses or parasites passed from one person to another through unprotected sexual contact and/or intimate genital to genital (skin to skin) contact with or without penetration
What parts of the body can STIs affect?
- throat
- mouth
- eyes
- rectum
- anus
- blood
- skin
- the penis and urethra
- cervix and vagina
- cerebral spinal fluid
What are the S&S?
- discharge
- pain or discomfort urinating
- pain during sex
- abnormal or unusual vaginal bleeding (esp. after sex)
- lumps/bumps on genitals
- sores in or around genitals
- pain in scrotum or testes
- genital irritation or pain
- genital rash
- genital itchiness
What are the different STIs?
- chlamydia
- gonorrhoea
- syphilis
- genital herpes
- HIV
- scabies
- pubic lice (crabs)
- genital warts / human papilloma virus (HPV)
What 3 STIs are bacterial?
- chlamydia
- gonorrhoea
- syphilis
What 3 STIs are viral?
- herpes
- HPV
- HIV
What 2 STIs are parasitic?
- scabies
2. pubic lice
Chlamydia
How can you get it?
unprotected oral and/or vaginal/anal intercourse
passed to babies via delivery
Chlamydia
What are the S&S?
discharge, itchiness, pain, burning, bleeding
Chlamydia
What sites are affected?
urethra, cervix, anus, eye, throat
Chlamydia
What % of people are asymptomatic?
90
Chlamydia
What is the tx?
antibiotics
Gonorrhoea
How can you get it?
unprotected oral and/or vaginal/anal intercourse
passed to babies via delivery
Chlamydia
What type of STI is this?
bacterial
Gonorrhoea
What type of STI is this?
bacterial
Gonorrhoea
What % has its incidence increased since 2014 to 2017?
150%
Gonorrhoea
What are the S&S?
- asymptomatic
- discharge, itchiness, pain, burning, bleeding
Gonorrhoea
What are the sites?
urethra cervix anus eyes throat
Gonorrhoea
What is the tx?
antibiotics
Syphilis
How can you get it?
unprotected oral, vaginal or anal
passed to fetus
skin to skin
Syphilis
What type of STI is it?
bacterial
Syphilis
How much has the incidence increased from 2014-2017?
3x
Syphilis
What is the incubation period for primary syphilis?
3-90 days (average 3 weeks)
Syphilis
What is the main S&S of primary syphilis?
single painless sore
Syphilis
What do most people fail to recognize with primary syphilis?
the primary chancre
Syphilis
What is the incubation period for secondary syphilis?
2 weeks to 6 months (average 2-12 weeks)
Syphilis
What are the S&S of secondary syphilis?
rash, fever, generalized “not feeling well,” patchy hair loss, vision changes, hearing changes, headaches
Latent and infectious syphilis
What are the S&S?
asymptomatic
Latent and infectious syphilis
What % relapse to secondary syphilis?
25
Latent and infectious syphilis
When does it occur?
less than a year
Latent and infectious syphilis
Is it early or late?
early
Latent and NON-infectious syphilis
Is it early or late?
late
Latent and infectious syphilis
When does it occur?
more than a year
Latent and infectious syphilis
What are the S&S?
asymptomatic
Latent and infectious syphilis
What % relapse to secondary syphilis?
hardly any
Syphilis
What is the tx?
antibiotics
Genital warts
What type of STI is this?
viral
Genital warts
How many types are there and how many affect the genitals?
100 types and 40 affect the genitals
Genital warts
What % of the adult population has it?
75%
Genital warts
What are the s&s?
asymptomatic usually
HPV/genital warts
What do the low risk types contribute to?
benign genital and anal warts
type 6 and 11
HPV/genital warts
What do the high risk types contribute to?
cancer of the cervix, vulva, anus and penis
type 16 and 18
HPV
How can you get it?
skin to skin contact with virus during vaginal, anal or oral
rare: can be passed from mom to baby during birth
HPV
What are the signs and symptoms?
- presence of visible growths compatible with HPV
- PAP
HPV
What is the vaccine called?
gardasil
HPV
Who is the vaccine indicated in?
women and girls aged 9-44
HPV
What type of HPV does the vaccine protect against?
3, 6, 11, 16 and 18
HPV
What are the doses of the vaccine?
3 doses
2 and 6 months
HPV
what is the tx?
episodic tx with liquid nitrogen
Genital herpes
How can you get it?
skin to skin contact
oral, vaginal and anal
Genital herpes
What do type 1 cause?
cold sores around mouth and nose
Genital herpes
what do type 2 cause?
sores in genital areas
Genital herpes
What % of sexually active people have type 2?
20
Genital herpes
What % of people with genital herpes are asymptomatic?
60-90%
Genital herpes
When is the main method of passing the virus?
when you have no sores
Genital herpes
What type of STI is it?
viral
Genital herpes
What is the tx?
an antiviral drug to reduce the # of outbreaks and the length of each outbreak
HIV
What disease does this STI cause?
AIDs
HIV
What type of STI is this?
viral
HIV
How is it transmitted?
blood, precum, semen, rectal fluid, vaginal fluid and breast milk
HIV
What are the 2 most common ways to contract HIV?
- unprotected sex
2. sharing needles and other equipment used to inject drugs
HIV
When will you test positive on a blood test? How long can it take?
within 2-4 weeks
it can take as long as 3 months
HIV
What are the S&S?
fever, sore throat, muscle and joint pain, weight loss
HIV
What is the tx?
no cure, however can live a long life with an adequate care and tx via anti-retrovirals
Scabies
what type of STI is it?
parasite
Scabies
What are they?
tiny insects (mites) crawling on skin, burrowing into top layer and laying eggs
Pubic lice
What type of STI is it?
parasite
Pubic lice
what are they?
small parasitic insects generally live in pubes but can be found in other hairs
Both scabies and pubic lice
How can you get them?
skin to skin contact
bedding, clothing and towels
Both scabies and pubic lice
What are the S&S?
itchiness in/around pubic area and/or anus
worse at night
redness and sores develop due to itching
Both scabies and pubic lice
What are the tx options?
prescription lotion
lots of housework
What is a notifiable STI?
must be reported to medical officer of health in AB within 48 hours
What does public health do when there is a notifiable STI?
ensures appropriate treatment and follow ip
follows up with sexual partners
What are the notifiable STIs?
- chlamydia
- gonorrhoea
- syphilis
- HIV
- MCP
- NGU
What is NGU?
non gonococcal urethritis
caused by gonorrhoea
What is MPC?
muco purulent cervicitis
caused by gonorrhoea or chlamydia
What age range has the highest incidence of STIs?
20-24 years
What age range has the second highest incidence of STIs?
25-30 years
What 2 STIs are currently out of control?
syphilis and gonorrhoea
What age range is the highest incidence of syphilis and gonorrhoea in women?
20-29
What age range is the second highest incidence of syphilis and gonorrhoea in women?
30-39
How many confirmed births with congenital syphilis have been reported in 2017? 2016?
2017 = 6 2016 = 0
What are the complications of STIs?
- infertility
- PID in women (uterus, fallopian tubes and ovary inflammation)
- epididymitis and orchitis in males
- cervical cancer from HPV
- urinary tract complications
- psychological
- newborn complications
- pregnancy loss or premature birth
- ectopic or tubal pregnancy
- hep b can cause liver cancer
What are the STI clinic services?
- free and confidential assessment, testing and tx for most STI
- free and confidential testing for blood borne pathogens such as HIV, hep b and c
- AB healthcare card not required
- 14+
