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AU13 Biochemistry Final > Stiner - Wound Healing > Flashcards

Stiner - Wound Healing Flashcards

0
Q

Step 1 of hemostasis

A

Vasoconstriction

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1
Q

__________ is the process of stopping bleeding and occurs in 3 steps

A

hemostasis

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2
Q

Step 2 of hemostasis

A

Temporary blockage by platelet plug

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4
Q

Step 3 of hemostasis

A

Blood coagulation/clot formation

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5
Q

Hemorrhaging is reduced by the constriction of ____ _____

A

blood vessels

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6
Q

______ adhere to damaged vessel endothelium to plug the wound

A

platelets

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7
Q

_____ form upon conversion of fibrinogen to ____ and its addition to the platelet plug

A

clots

fibrin

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8
Q

Damaged membranes release ______ and ______ which signal vasoconstriction

A

thromboxanes and prostaglandins

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9
Q

Upon activation, platelets release ______ which signal additional vasoconstriction and recruit additional platelets

A

cytokines

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10
Q

After hemostasis and coagulation ________ occurs as a result of _______ release

A

vasodilation

histamine

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11
Q

Coagulation is almost ______ following a blood vessel injury, it can either be activated via an ________ or ________ pathway

A

instantaneous

intrinsic or extrinsic

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12
Q

Expose of blood to sub endothelial collagen activates the _______ pathway

A

intrinsic

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13
Q

Exposure of blood to sub endothelial tissue factor activates ________ pathway

A

extrinsic

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14
Q

________ pathway begins on collagen surface and its final state activates ____

A

intrinsic

X

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15
Q

Intrinsic pathway beings with ________ converted to _______

A

prekallikrein

kallikrein

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16
Q

Intrinsic Pathway: XII —> ______

A

XIIa

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17
Q

Intrinsic Pathway: XIIa converts to _____

A

XI and XIa

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18
Q

Intrinsic Pathway: XIa activates _____

A

IX

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19
Q

Intrinsic Pathway: IXa along with VIIIa activates _____

A

X –> Xa

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20
Q

Extrinsic Pathway begins with VII leaving circulation and is converted to ____ via interaction with tissue factor (III) on fibroblasts

A

VIIa

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21
Q

Extrinsic Pathway: activates ___ and ___

A

IX and X

22
Q

Extrinsic Pathway: Xa converts ________ to ________

A

prothrombin to thrombin

23
Q

Extrinsic Pathway: Thrombin: activates XI which activates ______

A

IX

24
Q

Extrinsic Pathway: Thrombin: activates and releases ____ from being bound to vWF

A

VIII

25
Q

Extrinsic Pathway: Thrombin: VIIIa is the co-factor of ___ and together they activate ___

A

IXa

X

26
Q

________ is a major endogenous anticoagulant, it is vitamin K dependent, activated by thrombin, degrades Va and VIIIa, deficiencies can lead to thrombosis

A

Protein C

27
Q

___________, is a regulator of coagulation; thrombin, IXa, Xa, XIa, and XIIa
adhesiob to these factors is increased by heparin
deficiencies lead to thrombosis

A

antithrombin

28
Q

______ _____ _____ pathway restricts the action of tissue factor

A

Tissue factor inhibitor

29
Q

_______, a plasma protein produced and secreted by endothelium degrades fibrin

A

plasmin

30
Q

_______ leads to activation of cAMP inhibits platelet activation by decreasing cytoplasmic Ca; thereby inhibiting activation of more platelets and clotting cascade

A

prostacyclin

31
Q

True or False

Would healing has 3 phases

A

True

32
Q

The first phase of inflammation involves the _____ injury and _______ response

A

initial

vascular

33
Q

The second phase of inflammation is _______ ______

A

blood coagulation

34
Q

The third phase of inflammation is _________; via ______ and _______

A

inflammation/inflammatory response
Macrophages
Neutrophils

35
Q

The proliferative phase consists of 3 phases; ________, _________, and __________

A

angiogenesis
epitheliazation
granulation and tissue formation

36
Q

New vasculature phase; begins with endothelial cells migrating to site and repairing damaged vessels; deposition of immature matrix and cellular elements

A

angiogenesis

37
Q

New epithelialization phase; formation of epithelialization through cell division

A

epithelialization

38
Q

Collagen deposition phase; via fibroblasts and endothelial cells

A

granulation and tissue formation phase

39
Q

Remodeling and Maturation Phase involves ____ deposition, and cell _____ and _____; this begins a _____ after wounding and can last for up to a _____

A

collagen
migration and growth
week
year

40
Q

keratinocytes secrete ____ and ____ which stimulate cell division and repair of damaged epithelium

A

TGF-β

KGF

41
Q

Macrophages and neutrophils are both phagocytes and activate bactericidal mechanisms but macrophages also are involved with _____ _______

A

antigen presentation

42
Q

In macrophages, _______ stimulates fibroblasts and mediates angiogenesis; ultimately attracting cells to the area to promote new cell/ECM growth

A

IGF-1

43
Q

True or False

Macrophages arrive to the wound area before neutrophils

A

False; neutrophils arrive first and begin to clean the wound and are then degraded by macrophages which promote new cell growth

44
Q

Endothelial growth and proliferation (angiogenesis) is directly stimulated by lack of _______ and presence of ______ ______

A

oxygen

lactic acid

45
Q

VEGF, FGF, and PDGF (growth factors) are secreted by ________ cells

A

endothelial

46
Q

When does the recruitment of neutrophils into the wound occur?
A. After the proliferation phase has begun
B. After epithelialization occurs
C. During angiogenesis
D. During the inflammation phase

A

D. During the inflammation phase

neutrophils are the first to arrive and begin to clean the wound

47
Q

Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin by which enzyme and during which process
A. Fibrinogen activation enzyme; final pathway
B. Thrombin; intrinsic pathway
C. Plasminogen activator; fibrinolysis
D. Thrombin; final pathway

A

D. Thrombin; final pathway

48
Q

The first phase of wound healing is the __________ phase

A

Inflammation

49
Q

The second phase of wound healing is the _________ phase

A

Proliferative

50
Q

The third page of wound healing is the __________ and __________ phase

A

Remodeling and Maturation

AU13 Biochemistry Final (14 decks)

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