Stiner - Wound Healing

Question 0

Step 1 of hemostasis

Answer 0

Vasoconstriction

Question 1

__________ is the process of stopping bleeding and occurs in 3 steps

Answer 1

hemostasis

Question 2

Step 2 of hemostasis

Answer 2

Temporary blockage by platelet plug

Question 4

Step 3 of hemostasis

Answer 4

Blood coagulation/clot formation

Question 5

Hemorrhaging is reduced by the constriction of ____ _____

Answer 5

blood vessels

Question 6

______ adhere to damaged vessel endothelium to plug the wound

Answer 6

platelets

Question 7

_____ form upon conversion of fibrinogen to ____ and its addition to the platelet plug

Answer 7

clots

fibrin

Question 8

Damaged membranes release ______ and ______ which signal vasoconstriction

Answer 8

thromboxanes and prostaglandins

Question 9

Upon activation, platelets release ______ which signal additional vasoconstriction and recruit additional platelets

Answer 9

cytokines

Question 10

After hemostasis and coagulation ________ occurs as a result of _______ release

Answer 10

vasodilation

histamine

Question 11

Coagulation is almost ______ following a blood vessel injury, it can either be activated via an ________ or ________ pathway

Answer 11

instantaneous

intrinsic or extrinsic

Question 12

Expose of blood to sub endothelial collagen activates the _______ pathway

Answer 12

intrinsic

Question 13

Exposure of blood to sub endothelial tissue factor activates ________ pathway

Answer 13

extrinsic

Question 14

________ pathway begins on collagen surface and its final state activates ____

Answer 14

intrinsic

X

Question 15

Intrinsic pathway beings with ________ converted to _______

Answer 15

prekallikrein

kallikrein

Question 16

Intrinsic Pathway: XII —> ______

Answer 16

XIIa

Question 17

Intrinsic Pathway: XIIa converts to _____

Answer 17

XI and XIa

Question 18

Intrinsic Pathway: XIa activates _____

Answer 18

IX

Question 19

Intrinsic Pathway: IXa along with VIIIa activates _____

Answer 19

X –> Xa

Question 20

Extrinsic Pathway begins with VII leaving circulation and is converted to ____ via interaction with tissue factor (III) on fibroblasts

Answer 20

VIIa

Question 21

Extrinsic Pathway: activates ___ and ___

Answer 21

IX and X

Question 22

Extrinsic Pathway: Xa converts ________ to ________

Answer 22

prothrombin to thrombin

Question 23

Extrinsic Pathway: Thrombin: activates XI which activates ______

Answer 23

IX

Question 24

Extrinsic Pathway: Thrombin: activates and releases ____ from being bound to vWF

Answer 24

VIII

Question 25

Extrinsic Pathway: Thrombin: VIIIa is the co-factor of ___ and together they activate ___

Answer 25

IXa | X

Question 26

________ is a major endogenous anticoagulant, it is vitamin K dependent, activated by thrombin, degrades Va and VIIIa, deficiencies can lead to thrombosis

Answer 26

Protein C

Question 27

___________, is a regulator of coagulation; thrombin, IXa, Xa, XIa, and XIIa adhesiob to these factors is increased by heparin deficiencies lead to thrombosis

Answer 27

antithrombin

Question 28

______ _____ _____ pathway restricts the action of tissue factor

Answer 28

Tissue factor inhibitor

Question 29

_______, a plasma protein produced and secreted by endothelium degrades fibrin

Answer 29

plasmin

Question 30

_______ leads to activation of cAMP inhibits platelet activation by decreasing cytoplasmic Ca; thereby inhibiting activation of more platelets and clotting cascade

Answer 30

prostacyclin

Question 31

True or False | Would healing has 3 phases

Answer 31

True

Question 32

The first phase of inflammation involves the _____ injury and _______ response

Answer 32

initial | vascular

Question 33

The second phase of inflammation is _______ ______

Answer 33

blood coagulation

Question 34

The third phase of inflammation is _________; via ______ and _______

Answer 34

inflammation/inflammatory response Macrophages Neutrophils

Question 35

The proliferative phase consists of 3 phases; ________, _________, and __________

Answer 35

angiogenesis epitheliazation granulation and tissue formation

Question 36

New vasculature phase; begins with endothelial cells migrating to site and repairing damaged vessels; deposition of immature matrix and cellular elements

Answer 36

angiogenesis

Question 37

New epithelialization phase; formation of epithelialization through cell division

Answer 37

epithelialization

Question 38

Collagen deposition phase; via fibroblasts and endothelial cells

Answer 38

granulation and tissue formation phase

Question 39

Remodeling and Maturation Phase involves ____ deposition, and cell _____ and _____; this begins a _____ after wounding and can last for up to a _____

Answer 39

collagen migration and growth week year

Question 40

keratinocytes secrete ____ and ____ which stimulate cell division and repair of damaged epithelium

Answer 40

TGF-β | KGF

Question 41

Macrophages and neutrophils are both phagocytes and activate bactericidal mechanisms but macrophages also are involved with _____ _______

Answer 41

antigen presentation

Question 42

In macrophages, _______ stimulates fibroblasts and mediates angiogenesis; ultimately attracting cells to the area to promote new cell/ECM growth

Answer 42

IGF-1

Question 43

True or False | Macrophages arrive to the wound area before neutrophils

Answer 43

False; neutrophils arrive first and begin to clean the wound and are then degraded by macrophages which promote new cell growth

Question 44

Endothelial growth and proliferation (angiogenesis) is directly stimulated by lack of _______ and presence of ______ ______

Answer 44

oxygen | lactic acid

Question 45

VEGF, FGF, and PDGF (growth factors) are secreted by ________ cells

Answer 45

endothelial

Question 46

When does the recruitment of neutrophils into the wound occur? A. After the proliferation phase has begun B. After epithelialization occurs C. During angiogenesis D. During the inflammation phase

Answer 46

D. During the inflammation phase | neutrophils are the first to arrive and begin to clean the wound

Question 47

Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin by which enzyme and during which process A. Fibrinogen activation enzyme; final pathway B. Thrombin; intrinsic pathway C. Plasminogen activator; fibrinolysis D. Thrombin; final pathway

Answer 47

D. Thrombin; final pathway

Question 48

The first phase of wound healing is the __________ phase

Answer 48

Inflammation

Question 49

The second phase of wound healing is the _________ phase

Answer 49

Proliferative

Question 50

The third page of wound healing is the __________ and __________ phase

Answer 50

Remodeling and Maturation