Leys - Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics

Question 1

There are close to __________ bases of the human genome, but only ___________ protein coding genes

Answer 1

3 billion

20,000-50,000

Question 2

Alternate splicing and alternative gene promoters result in _____ different ____ from a single gene

Answer 2

4-6

mRNAs

Question 3

Number of protein-coding mRNAs (transcriptome) may be as large as _______

Answer 3

100,000

Question 4

The original Human Genome Project used ________ and ______ approaches for sequencing

Answer 4

clone-by-clone

shotgun

Question 5

There are _____ gaps remaining in the Human genome (compared to 150,000 in the draft)

Answer 5

250

Question 6

Since the completion of the human genome, sequencing ______ has increased dramatically while the ____ has declined

Answer 6

capacity

cost

Question 7

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database has _______ entries that associated human genes with inherited disease

Answer 7

more than 10,000

Question 8

______ _____ ______ are mapped base position in the genome where the nucleotide varies among people

Answer 8

single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

Question 9

Companies (23andMe) are offering full genome scans to individuals for less than $100, they are analyzed based on _____

Answer 9

SNPs

Question 10

______ ______ ______ is labeled DNA hybridization to array of several million olignucleotide on chips; can be used for prenatal screening for early detection of chromosomal defects

Answer 10

Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA)

Question 11

The ________ = complement of mRNAs, containing protein-coding sequences but there are also RNAs that play _____ or _______ functions (miRNA, siRNA, etc)

Answer 11

transcriptome
structural
regulatory

Question 12

The ________ can be studied using ________; a collection of complementary (cDNA) made from mRNA or synthetic oligonucleotides arranged on a solid phase slide in a defined order; generally several ___________ probes are used

Answer 12

transcriptome
microarray
oligonucleotide

Question 13

Two samples can be compared by labeling each with a different _________ ____ and hybridizing them to the same array

Answer 13

fluorescent dye

Question 14

With advances in sequencing technology, _____ or sequencing the entire _______ of _____ in a sample is rapidly replacing microarray approaches

Answer 14

RNAseq

complement of RNA

Question 15

Data analysis is __________ ______ and requires stringent statistical analysis

Answer 15

bioinformatics intensive

Question 16

________ is the study of the protein complement of a cell

Answer 16

proteomics

Question 17

________ proteomics is the analysis of protein profiles from two or more samples (healthy/cancer cells) to identify quantative differences that could be responsible for observed _______

Answer 17

comparative

phenotypes

Question 18

Proteomics can identify ___________ modification that cannot be identified by transcriptome analysis

Answer 18

post-translational

Question 19

Proteins can be separated by two dimensional _______ or _____ ______

Answer 19

PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)
liquid chromotagraphy (FPLC, HPLC)

Question 20

Proteins are identified by _____ _______

Answer 20

mass spectrometry

Question 21

____________ is the identification and quantification of steady-state levels of intracellular _______

Answer 21

Metabolomics

metabolites (sugar, amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, etc)

Question 22

Because the technology to identify every metabolite in a biological sample is not available, _____ metabolomics is often carried out, where a few metabolites are measured

Answer 22

targeted